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Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment

Compartmentalization of the membrane is essential for cells to perform highly specific tasks and spatially constrained biochemical functions in topographically defined areas. These membrane lateral heterogeneities range from nanoscopic dimensions, often involving only a few molecular constituents, t...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Vallés, Ana Sofía, Barrantes, Francisco J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8615865/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34827695
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111697
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author Vallés, Ana Sofía
Barrantes, Francisco J.
author_facet Vallés, Ana Sofía
Barrantes, Francisco J.
author_sort Vallés, Ana Sofía
collection PubMed
description Compartmentalization of the membrane is essential for cells to perform highly specific tasks and spatially constrained biochemical functions in topographically defined areas. These membrane lateral heterogeneities range from nanoscopic dimensions, often involving only a few molecular constituents, to micron-sized mesoscopic domains resulting from the coalescence of nanodomains. Short-lived domains lasting for a few milliseconds coexist with more stable platforms lasting from minutes to days. This panoply of lateral domains subserves the great variety of demands of cell physiology, particularly high for those implicated in signaling. The dendritic spine, a subcellular structure of neurons at the receiving (postsynaptic) end of central nervous system excitatory synapses, exploits this compartmentalization principle. In its most frequent adult morphology, the mushroom-shaped spine harbors neurotransmitter receptors, enzymes, and scaffolding proteins tightly packed in a volume of a few femtoliters. In addition to constituting a mesoscopic lateral heterogeneity of the dendritic arborization, the dendritic spine postsynaptic membrane is further compartmentalized into spatially delimited nanodomains that execute separate functions in the synapse. This review discusses the functional relevance of compartmentalization and nanodomain organization in synaptic transmission and plasticity and exemplifies the importance of this parcelization in various neurotransmitter signaling systems operating at dendritic spines, using two fast ligand-gated ionotropic receptors, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the glutamatergic receptor, and a second-messenger G-protein coupled receptor, the cannabinoid receptor, as paradigmatic examples.
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spelling pubmed-86158652021-11-26 Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment Vallés, Ana Sofía Barrantes, Francisco J. Biomolecules Review Compartmentalization of the membrane is essential for cells to perform highly specific tasks and spatially constrained biochemical functions in topographically defined areas. These membrane lateral heterogeneities range from nanoscopic dimensions, often involving only a few molecular constituents, to micron-sized mesoscopic domains resulting from the coalescence of nanodomains. Short-lived domains lasting for a few milliseconds coexist with more stable platforms lasting from minutes to days. This panoply of lateral domains subserves the great variety of demands of cell physiology, particularly high for those implicated in signaling. The dendritic spine, a subcellular structure of neurons at the receiving (postsynaptic) end of central nervous system excitatory synapses, exploits this compartmentalization principle. In its most frequent adult morphology, the mushroom-shaped spine harbors neurotransmitter receptors, enzymes, and scaffolding proteins tightly packed in a volume of a few femtoliters. In addition to constituting a mesoscopic lateral heterogeneity of the dendritic arborization, the dendritic spine postsynaptic membrane is further compartmentalized into spatially delimited nanodomains that execute separate functions in the synapse. This review discusses the functional relevance of compartmentalization and nanodomain organization in synaptic transmission and plasticity and exemplifies the importance of this parcelization in various neurotransmitter signaling systems operating at dendritic spines, using two fast ligand-gated ionotropic receptors, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the glutamatergic receptor, and a second-messenger G-protein coupled receptor, the cannabinoid receptor, as paradigmatic examples. MDPI 2021-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8615865/ /pubmed/34827695 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111697 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Vallés, Ana Sofía
Barrantes, Francisco J.
Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment
title Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment
title_full Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment
title_fullStr Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment
title_full_unstemmed Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment
title_short Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment
title_sort nanoscale sub-compartmentalization of the dendritic spine compartment
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8615865/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34827695
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111697
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