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Symptomatic, Genetic, and Mechanistic Overlaps between Autism and Alzheimer’s Disease

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders affecting two opposite ends of life span, i.e., childhood and old age. Both disorders pose a cumulative threat to human health, with the rate of incidences increasing considerably world...

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Autores principales: Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid, Hosawi, Salman, Alshehri, Sultan, Ghoneim, Mohammed M., Imam, Syed Sarim, Murtaza, Bibi Nazia, Kazmi, Imran
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8615882/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34827633
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111635
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author Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid
Hosawi, Salman
Alshehri, Sultan
Ghoneim, Mohammed M.
Imam, Syed Sarim
Murtaza, Bibi Nazia
Kazmi, Imran
author_facet Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid
Hosawi, Salman
Alshehri, Sultan
Ghoneim, Mohammed M.
Imam, Syed Sarim
Murtaza, Bibi Nazia
Kazmi, Imran
author_sort Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid
collection PubMed
description Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders affecting two opposite ends of life span, i.e., childhood and old age. Both disorders pose a cumulative threat to human health, with the rate of incidences increasing considerably worldwide. In the context of recent developments, we aimed to review correlated symptoms and genetics, and overlapping aspects in the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of ASD and AD. Dementia, insomnia, and weak neuromuscular interaction, as well as communicative and cognitive impairments, are shared symptoms. A number of genes and proteins linked with both disorders have been tabulated, including MECP2, ADNP, SCN2A, NLGN, SHANK, PTEN, RELN, and FMR1. Theories about the role of neuron development, processing, connectivity, and levels of neurotransmitters in both disorders have been discussed. Based on the recent literature, the roles of FMRP (Fragile X mental retardation protein), hnRNPC (heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein-C), IRP (Iron regulatory proteins), miRNAs (MicroRNAs), and α-, β0, and γ-secretases in the posttranscriptional regulation of cellular synthesis and processing of APP (amyloid-β precursor protein) have been elaborated to describe the parallel and overlapping routes and mechanisms of ASD and AD pathogenesis. However, the interactive role of genetic and environmental factors, oxidative and metal ion stress, mutations in the associated genes, and alterations in the related cellular pathways in the development of ASD and AD needs further investigation.
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spelling pubmed-86158822021-11-26 Symptomatic, Genetic, and Mechanistic Overlaps between Autism and Alzheimer’s Disease Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid Hosawi, Salman Alshehri, Sultan Ghoneim, Mohammed M. Imam, Syed Sarim Murtaza, Bibi Nazia Kazmi, Imran Biomolecules Review Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders affecting two opposite ends of life span, i.e., childhood and old age. Both disorders pose a cumulative threat to human health, with the rate of incidences increasing considerably worldwide. In the context of recent developments, we aimed to review correlated symptoms and genetics, and overlapping aspects in the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of ASD and AD. Dementia, insomnia, and weak neuromuscular interaction, as well as communicative and cognitive impairments, are shared symptoms. A number of genes and proteins linked with both disorders have been tabulated, including MECP2, ADNP, SCN2A, NLGN, SHANK, PTEN, RELN, and FMR1. Theories about the role of neuron development, processing, connectivity, and levels of neurotransmitters in both disorders have been discussed. Based on the recent literature, the roles of FMRP (Fragile X mental retardation protein), hnRNPC (heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein-C), IRP (Iron regulatory proteins), miRNAs (MicroRNAs), and α-, β0, and γ-secretases in the posttranscriptional regulation of cellular synthesis and processing of APP (amyloid-β precursor protein) have been elaborated to describe the parallel and overlapping routes and mechanisms of ASD and AD pathogenesis. However, the interactive role of genetic and environmental factors, oxidative and metal ion stress, mutations in the associated genes, and alterations in the related cellular pathways in the development of ASD and AD needs further investigation. MDPI 2021-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8615882/ /pubmed/34827633 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111635 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid
Hosawi, Salman
Alshehri, Sultan
Ghoneim, Mohammed M.
Imam, Syed Sarim
Murtaza, Bibi Nazia
Kazmi, Imran
Symptomatic, Genetic, and Mechanistic Overlaps between Autism and Alzheimer’s Disease
title Symptomatic, Genetic, and Mechanistic Overlaps between Autism and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full Symptomatic, Genetic, and Mechanistic Overlaps between Autism and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_fullStr Symptomatic, Genetic, and Mechanistic Overlaps between Autism and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full_unstemmed Symptomatic, Genetic, and Mechanistic Overlaps between Autism and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_short Symptomatic, Genetic, and Mechanistic Overlaps between Autism and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_sort symptomatic, genetic, and mechanistic overlaps between autism and alzheimer’s disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8615882/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34827633
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111635
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