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Cardiac Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of Literature
SIMPLE SUMMARY: We present a case of a pediatric patient with symptomatic leukemia involving the heart without bone marrow involvement. The case is followed by a literature review of advances in leukemia treatment including immunotherapy, CAR T-cell therapy, improvement in the treatment of graft-ver...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616080/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34830969 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225814 |
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author | Sheikh, Irtiza N. Ragoonanan, Dristhi Franklin, Anna Srinivasan, Chandra Zhao, Bhiong Petropoulos, Demetrios Mahadeo, Kris M. Tewari, Priti Khazal, Sajad J. |
author_facet | Sheikh, Irtiza N. Ragoonanan, Dristhi Franklin, Anna Srinivasan, Chandra Zhao, Bhiong Petropoulos, Demetrios Mahadeo, Kris M. Tewari, Priti Khazal, Sajad J. |
author_sort | Sheikh, Irtiza N. |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: We present a case of a pediatric patient with symptomatic leukemia involving the heart without bone marrow involvement. The case is followed by a literature review of advances in leukemia treatment including immunotherapy, CAR T-cell therapy, improvement in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease, and the applicability of these treatments to leukemia involving areas outside of the bone marrow. We also explore the feasibility of treatments such as CAR T-cell therapy and blinatumomab and the associated risks for treating patients with leukemia infiltrating the heart. ABSTRACT: Isolated extramedullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occurs in soft tissues and various organs outside the testis and central nervous system. Treatments such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and more novel modalities such as immunotherapy have eradicated ALL at extramedullary sites. In some instances, survival times for relapsed ALL at these sites are longer than those for relapsed disease involving only the bone marrow. Isolated relapse of ALL in the myocardium is rare, especially in children, making diagnosis and treatment of it difficult. More recent treatment options such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy carry a high risk of cytokine release syndrome and associated risk of worsening cardiac function. Herein we present the case of an 11-year-old boy who presented with relapsed symptomatic B-cell ALL in the myocardium following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This is an unusual presentation of relapsed ALL and this case demonstrates the associated challenges in its diagnosis and treatment. The case report is followed by a literature review of the advances in treatment of pediatric leukemia and their application to extramedullary relapse of this disease in particular. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8616080 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86160802021-11-26 Cardiac Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of Literature Sheikh, Irtiza N. Ragoonanan, Dristhi Franklin, Anna Srinivasan, Chandra Zhao, Bhiong Petropoulos, Demetrios Mahadeo, Kris M. Tewari, Priti Khazal, Sajad J. Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: We present a case of a pediatric patient with symptomatic leukemia involving the heart without bone marrow involvement. The case is followed by a literature review of advances in leukemia treatment including immunotherapy, CAR T-cell therapy, improvement in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease, and the applicability of these treatments to leukemia involving areas outside of the bone marrow. We also explore the feasibility of treatments such as CAR T-cell therapy and blinatumomab and the associated risks for treating patients with leukemia infiltrating the heart. ABSTRACT: Isolated extramedullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occurs in soft tissues and various organs outside the testis and central nervous system. Treatments such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and more novel modalities such as immunotherapy have eradicated ALL at extramedullary sites. In some instances, survival times for relapsed ALL at these sites are longer than those for relapsed disease involving only the bone marrow. Isolated relapse of ALL in the myocardium is rare, especially in children, making diagnosis and treatment of it difficult. More recent treatment options such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy carry a high risk of cytokine release syndrome and associated risk of worsening cardiac function. Herein we present the case of an 11-year-old boy who presented with relapsed symptomatic B-cell ALL in the myocardium following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This is an unusual presentation of relapsed ALL and this case demonstrates the associated challenges in its diagnosis and treatment. The case report is followed by a literature review of the advances in treatment of pediatric leukemia and their application to extramedullary relapse of this disease in particular. MDPI 2021-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8616080/ /pubmed/34830969 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225814 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Sheikh, Irtiza N. Ragoonanan, Dristhi Franklin, Anna Srinivasan, Chandra Zhao, Bhiong Petropoulos, Demetrios Mahadeo, Kris M. Tewari, Priti Khazal, Sajad J. Cardiac Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of Literature |
title | Cardiac Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of Literature |
title_full | Cardiac Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of Literature |
title_fullStr | Cardiac Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of Literature |
title_full_unstemmed | Cardiac Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of Literature |
title_short | Cardiac Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of Literature |
title_sort | cardiac relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report and review of literature |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616080/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34830969 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225814 |
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