Cargando…
DNA Methylation and Schizophrenia: Current Literature and Future Perspective
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by dissociation of thoughts, idea, identity, and emotions. It has no central pathophysiological mechanism and precise diagnostic markers. Despite its high heritability, there are also environmental factors implicated in the development of sc...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616184/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34831111 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112890 |
_version_ | 1784604286105157632 |
---|---|
author | Magwai, Thabo Shangase, Khanyiso Bright Oginga, Fredrick Otieno Chiliza, Bonginkosi Mpofana, Thabisile Xulu, Khethelo Richman |
author_facet | Magwai, Thabo Shangase, Khanyiso Bright Oginga, Fredrick Otieno Chiliza, Bonginkosi Mpofana, Thabisile Xulu, Khethelo Richman |
author_sort | Magwai, Thabo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by dissociation of thoughts, idea, identity, and emotions. It has no central pathophysiological mechanism and precise diagnostic markers. Despite its high heritability, there are also environmental factors implicated in the development of schizophrenia. Epigenetic factors are thought to mediate the effects of environmental factors in the development of the disorder. Epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation are a risk factor for schizophrenia. Targeted gene approach studies attempted to find candidate gene methylation, but the results are contradictory. Genome-wide methylation studies are insufficient in literature and the available data do not cover different populations like the African populations. The current genome-wide studies have limitations related to the sample and methods used. Studies are required to control for these limitations. Integration of DNA methylation, gene expression, and their effects are important in the understanding of the development of schizophrenia and search for biomarkers. There are currently no precise and functional biomarkers for the disorder. Several epigenetic markers have been reported to be common in functional and peripheral tissue. This makes the peripheral tissue epigenetic changes a surrogate of functional tissue, suggesting common epigenetic alteration can be used as biomarkers of schizophrenia in peripheral tissue. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8616184 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86161842021-11-26 DNA Methylation and Schizophrenia: Current Literature and Future Perspective Magwai, Thabo Shangase, Khanyiso Bright Oginga, Fredrick Otieno Chiliza, Bonginkosi Mpofana, Thabisile Xulu, Khethelo Richman Cells Review Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by dissociation of thoughts, idea, identity, and emotions. It has no central pathophysiological mechanism and precise diagnostic markers. Despite its high heritability, there are also environmental factors implicated in the development of schizophrenia. Epigenetic factors are thought to mediate the effects of environmental factors in the development of the disorder. Epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation are a risk factor for schizophrenia. Targeted gene approach studies attempted to find candidate gene methylation, but the results are contradictory. Genome-wide methylation studies are insufficient in literature and the available data do not cover different populations like the African populations. The current genome-wide studies have limitations related to the sample and methods used. Studies are required to control for these limitations. Integration of DNA methylation, gene expression, and their effects are important in the understanding of the development of schizophrenia and search for biomarkers. There are currently no precise and functional biomarkers for the disorder. Several epigenetic markers have been reported to be common in functional and peripheral tissue. This makes the peripheral tissue epigenetic changes a surrogate of functional tissue, suggesting common epigenetic alteration can be used as biomarkers of schizophrenia in peripheral tissue. MDPI 2021-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8616184/ /pubmed/34831111 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112890 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Magwai, Thabo Shangase, Khanyiso Bright Oginga, Fredrick Otieno Chiliza, Bonginkosi Mpofana, Thabisile Xulu, Khethelo Richman DNA Methylation and Schizophrenia: Current Literature and Future Perspective |
title | DNA Methylation and Schizophrenia: Current Literature and Future Perspective |
title_full | DNA Methylation and Schizophrenia: Current Literature and Future Perspective |
title_fullStr | DNA Methylation and Schizophrenia: Current Literature and Future Perspective |
title_full_unstemmed | DNA Methylation and Schizophrenia: Current Literature and Future Perspective |
title_short | DNA Methylation and Schizophrenia: Current Literature and Future Perspective |
title_sort | dna methylation and schizophrenia: current literature and future perspective |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616184/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34831111 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112890 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT magwaithabo dnamethylationandschizophreniacurrentliteratureandfutureperspective AT shangasekhanyisobright dnamethylationandschizophreniacurrentliteratureandfutureperspective AT ogingafredrickotieno dnamethylationandschizophreniacurrentliteratureandfutureperspective AT chilizabonginkosi dnamethylationandschizophreniacurrentliteratureandfutureperspective AT mpofanathabisile dnamethylationandschizophreniacurrentliteratureandfutureperspective AT xulukhethelorichman dnamethylationandschizophreniacurrentliteratureandfutureperspective |