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Roles of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis

Alterations in the accumulation and composition of the extracellular matrix are part of the normal tissue repair process. During fibrosis, this process becomes dysregulated and excessive extracellular matrix alters the biomechanical properties and function of tissues involved. Historically fibrosis...

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Autores principales: Hohn, Julia, Tan, Wenbin, Carver, Amanda, Barrett, Hayden, Carver, Wayne
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616203/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34831158
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112933
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author Hohn, Julia
Tan, Wenbin
Carver, Amanda
Barrett, Hayden
Carver, Wayne
author_facet Hohn, Julia
Tan, Wenbin
Carver, Amanda
Barrett, Hayden
Carver, Wayne
author_sort Hohn, Julia
collection PubMed
description Alterations in the accumulation and composition of the extracellular matrix are part of the normal tissue repair process. During fibrosis, this process becomes dysregulated and excessive extracellular matrix alters the biomechanical properties and function of tissues involved. Historically fibrosis was thought to be progressive and irreversible; however, studies suggest that fibrosis is a dynamic process whose progression can be stopped and even reversed. This realization has led to an enhanced pursuit of therapeutic agents targeting fibrosis and extracellular matrix-producing cells. In many organs, fibroblasts are the primary cells that produce the extracellular matrix. In response to diverse mechanical and biochemical stimuli, these cells are activated or transdifferentiate into specialized cells termed myofibroblasts that have an enhanced capacity to produce extracellular matrix. It is clear that interactions between diverse cells of the heart are able to modulate fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Exosomes are a form of extracellular vesicle that play an important role in intercellular communication via the cargo that they deliver to target cells. While relatively recently discovered, exosomes have been demonstrated to play important positive and negative roles in the regulation of fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis. These roles as well as efforts to engineer exosomes as therapeutic tools will be discussed.
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spelling pubmed-86162032021-11-26 Roles of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis Hohn, Julia Tan, Wenbin Carver, Amanda Barrett, Hayden Carver, Wayne Cells Review Alterations in the accumulation and composition of the extracellular matrix are part of the normal tissue repair process. During fibrosis, this process becomes dysregulated and excessive extracellular matrix alters the biomechanical properties and function of tissues involved. Historically fibrosis was thought to be progressive and irreversible; however, studies suggest that fibrosis is a dynamic process whose progression can be stopped and even reversed. This realization has led to an enhanced pursuit of therapeutic agents targeting fibrosis and extracellular matrix-producing cells. In many organs, fibroblasts are the primary cells that produce the extracellular matrix. In response to diverse mechanical and biochemical stimuli, these cells are activated or transdifferentiate into specialized cells termed myofibroblasts that have an enhanced capacity to produce extracellular matrix. It is clear that interactions between diverse cells of the heart are able to modulate fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Exosomes are a form of extracellular vesicle that play an important role in intercellular communication via the cargo that they deliver to target cells. While relatively recently discovered, exosomes have been demonstrated to play important positive and negative roles in the regulation of fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis. These roles as well as efforts to engineer exosomes as therapeutic tools will be discussed. MDPI 2021-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8616203/ /pubmed/34831158 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112933 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hohn, Julia
Tan, Wenbin
Carver, Amanda
Barrett, Hayden
Carver, Wayne
Roles of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis
title Roles of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis
title_full Roles of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis
title_fullStr Roles of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis
title_full_unstemmed Roles of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis
title_short Roles of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis
title_sort roles of exosomes in cardiac fibroblast activation and fibrosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616203/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34831158
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112933
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