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Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes
Trogocytosis is a mode of internalization of a part of a live cell by nibbling and is mechanistically distinct from phagocytosis, which implies internalization of a whole cell or a particle. Trogocytosis has been demonstrated in a broad range of cell types in multicellular organisms and is also know...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616307/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34831198 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112975 |
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author | Nakada-Tsukui, Kumiko Nozaki, Tomoyoshi |
author_facet | Nakada-Tsukui, Kumiko Nozaki, Tomoyoshi |
author_sort | Nakada-Tsukui, Kumiko |
collection | PubMed |
description | Trogocytosis is a mode of internalization of a part of a live cell by nibbling and is mechanistically distinct from phagocytosis, which implies internalization of a whole cell or a particle. Trogocytosis has been demonstrated in a broad range of cell types in multicellular organisms and is also known to be involved in a plethora of functions. In immune cells, trogocytosis is involved in the “cross-dressing” between antigen presenting cells and T cells, and is thus considered to mediate intercellular communication. On the other hand, trogocytosis has also been reported in a variety of unicellular organisms including the protistan (protozoan) parasite Entamoeba histolytica. E. histolytica ingests human T cell line by trogocytosis and acquires complement resistance and cross-dresses major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on the cell surface. Furthermore, trogocytosis and trogocytosis-like phenomena (nibbling of a live cell, not previously described as trogocytosis) have also been reported in other parasitic protists such as Trichomonas, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and free-living amoebae. Thus, trogocytosis is conserved in diverse eukaryotic supergroups as a means of intercellular communication. It is depicting the universality of trogocytosis among eukaryotes. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of trogocytosis in unicellular organisms, including the history of its discovery, taxonomical distribution, roles, and molecular mechanisms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8616307 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86163072021-11-26 Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes Nakada-Tsukui, Kumiko Nozaki, Tomoyoshi Cells Review Trogocytosis is a mode of internalization of a part of a live cell by nibbling and is mechanistically distinct from phagocytosis, which implies internalization of a whole cell or a particle. Trogocytosis has been demonstrated in a broad range of cell types in multicellular organisms and is also known to be involved in a plethora of functions. In immune cells, trogocytosis is involved in the “cross-dressing” between antigen presenting cells and T cells, and is thus considered to mediate intercellular communication. On the other hand, trogocytosis has also been reported in a variety of unicellular organisms including the protistan (protozoan) parasite Entamoeba histolytica. E. histolytica ingests human T cell line by trogocytosis and acquires complement resistance and cross-dresses major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on the cell surface. Furthermore, trogocytosis and trogocytosis-like phenomena (nibbling of a live cell, not previously described as trogocytosis) have also been reported in other parasitic protists such as Trichomonas, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and free-living amoebae. Thus, trogocytosis is conserved in diverse eukaryotic supergroups as a means of intercellular communication. It is depicting the universality of trogocytosis among eukaryotes. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of trogocytosis in unicellular organisms, including the history of its discovery, taxonomical distribution, roles, and molecular mechanisms. MDPI 2021-11-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8616307/ /pubmed/34831198 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112975 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Nakada-Tsukui, Kumiko Nozaki, Tomoyoshi Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes |
title | Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes |
title_full | Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes |
title_fullStr | Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes |
title_full_unstemmed | Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes |
title_short | Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes |
title_sort | trogocytosis in unicellular eukaryotes |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616307/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34831198 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112975 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT nakadatsukuikumiko trogocytosisinunicellulareukaryotes AT nozakitomoyoshi trogocytosisinunicellulareukaryotes |