Cargando…

Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes

Trogocytosis is a mode of internalization of a part of a live cell by nibbling and is mechanistically distinct from phagocytosis, which implies internalization of a whole cell or a particle. Trogocytosis has been demonstrated in a broad range of cell types in multicellular organisms and is also know...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Nakada-Tsukui, Kumiko, Nozaki, Tomoyoshi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616307/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34831198
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112975
_version_ 1784604315697020928
author Nakada-Tsukui, Kumiko
Nozaki, Tomoyoshi
author_facet Nakada-Tsukui, Kumiko
Nozaki, Tomoyoshi
author_sort Nakada-Tsukui, Kumiko
collection PubMed
description Trogocytosis is a mode of internalization of a part of a live cell by nibbling and is mechanistically distinct from phagocytosis, which implies internalization of a whole cell or a particle. Trogocytosis has been demonstrated in a broad range of cell types in multicellular organisms and is also known to be involved in a plethora of functions. In immune cells, trogocytosis is involved in the “cross-dressing” between antigen presenting cells and T cells, and is thus considered to mediate intercellular communication. On the other hand, trogocytosis has also been reported in a variety of unicellular organisms including the protistan (protozoan) parasite Entamoeba histolytica. E. histolytica ingests human T cell line by trogocytosis and acquires complement resistance and cross-dresses major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on the cell surface. Furthermore, trogocytosis and trogocytosis-like phenomena (nibbling of a live cell, not previously described as trogocytosis) have also been reported in other parasitic protists such as Trichomonas, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and free-living amoebae. Thus, trogocytosis is conserved in diverse eukaryotic supergroups as a means of intercellular communication. It is depicting the universality of trogocytosis among eukaryotes. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of trogocytosis in unicellular organisms, including the history of its discovery, taxonomical distribution, roles, and molecular mechanisms.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8616307
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-86163072021-11-26 Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes Nakada-Tsukui, Kumiko Nozaki, Tomoyoshi Cells Review Trogocytosis is a mode of internalization of a part of a live cell by nibbling and is mechanistically distinct from phagocytosis, which implies internalization of a whole cell or a particle. Trogocytosis has been demonstrated in a broad range of cell types in multicellular organisms and is also known to be involved in a plethora of functions. In immune cells, trogocytosis is involved in the “cross-dressing” between antigen presenting cells and T cells, and is thus considered to mediate intercellular communication. On the other hand, trogocytosis has also been reported in a variety of unicellular organisms including the protistan (protozoan) parasite Entamoeba histolytica. E. histolytica ingests human T cell line by trogocytosis and acquires complement resistance and cross-dresses major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on the cell surface. Furthermore, trogocytosis and trogocytosis-like phenomena (nibbling of a live cell, not previously described as trogocytosis) have also been reported in other parasitic protists such as Trichomonas, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and free-living amoebae. Thus, trogocytosis is conserved in diverse eukaryotic supergroups as a means of intercellular communication. It is depicting the universality of trogocytosis among eukaryotes. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of trogocytosis in unicellular organisms, including the history of its discovery, taxonomical distribution, roles, and molecular mechanisms. MDPI 2021-11-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8616307/ /pubmed/34831198 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112975 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Nakada-Tsukui, Kumiko
Nozaki, Tomoyoshi
Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes
title Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes
title_full Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes
title_fullStr Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes
title_full_unstemmed Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes
title_short Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes
title_sort trogocytosis in unicellular eukaryotes
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616307/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34831198
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112975
work_keys_str_mv AT nakadatsukuikumiko trogocytosisinunicellulareukaryotes
AT nozakitomoyoshi trogocytosisinunicellulareukaryotes