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The Role of Tumor-Derived Exosomes (TEX) in Shaping Anti-Tumor Immune Competence
Emerging studies suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediating intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a key role in driving cancer progression. Tumor-derived small EVs or exosomes (TEX) enriched in immunosuppressive proteins or in microRNAs targeting suppressive p...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616398/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34831276 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113054 |
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author | Whiteside, Theresa L. |
author_facet | Whiteside, Theresa L. |
author_sort | Whiteside, Theresa L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Emerging studies suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediating intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a key role in driving cancer progression. Tumor-derived small EVs or exosomes (TEX) enriched in immunosuppressive proteins or in microRNAs targeting suppressive pathways in recipient cells contribute to reprogramming the TME into a cancer-promoting milieu. The adenosinergic pathway is an acknowledged major contributor to tumor-induced immune suppression. TEX carry the components of this pathway and utilize ATP to produce adenosine (ADO). TEX-associated ADO emerges as a key factor in the suppression of T cell responses to therapy. Here, the significance of the ADO pathway in TEX is discussed as a highly effective mechanism of cancer-driven immune cell suppression and of resistance to immune therapies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8616398 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86163982021-11-26 The Role of Tumor-Derived Exosomes (TEX) in Shaping Anti-Tumor Immune Competence Whiteside, Theresa L. Cells Article Emerging studies suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediating intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a key role in driving cancer progression. Tumor-derived small EVs or exosomes (TEX) enriched in immunosuppressive proteins or in microRNAs targeting suppressive pathways in recipient cells contribute to reprogramming the TME into a cancer-promoting milieu. The adenosinergic pathway is an acknowledged major contributor to tumor-induced immune suppression. TEX carry the components of this pathway and utilize ATP to produce adenosine (ADO). TEX-associated ADO emerges as a key factor in the suppression of T cell responses to therapy. Here, the significance of the ADO pathway in TEX is discussed as a highly effective mechanism of cancer-driven immune cell suppression and of resistance to immune therapies. MDPI 2021-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8616398/ /pubmed/34831276 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113054 Text en © 2021 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Whiteside, Theresa L. The Role of Tumor-Derived Exosomes (TEX) in Shaping Anti-Tumor Immune Competence |
title | The Role of Tumor-Derived Exosomes (TEX) in Shaping Anti-Tumor Immune Competence |
title_full | The Role of Tumor-Derived Exosomes (TEX) in Shaping Anti-Tumor Immune Competence |
title_fullStr | The Role of Tumor-Derived Exosomes (TEX) in Shaping Anti-Tumor Immune Competence |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Tumor-Derived Exosomes (TEX) in Shaping Anti-Tumor Immune Competence |
title_short | The Role of Tumor-Derived Exosomes (TEX) in Shaping Anti-Tumor Immune Competence |
title_sort | role of tumor-derived exosomes (tex) in shaping anti-tumor immune competence |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616398/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34831276 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113054 |
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