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Pathophysiological Responses of Pinna nobilis Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations

Due to the rapid decrease of Pinna nobilis populations during the previous decades, this bivalve species, endemic in the Mediterranean Sea, is characterized as ‘critically endangered’. In addition to human pressures, various pathogen infections have resulted in extended reduction, even population ex...

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Autores principales: Lattos, Athanasios, Feidantsis, Konstantinos, Georgoulis, Ioannis, Giantsis, Ioannis A., Karagiannis, Dimitrios, Theodorou, John A., Staikou, Alexandra, Michaelidis, Basile
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34831063
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112838
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author Lattos, Athanasios
Feidantsis, Konstantinos
Georgoulis, Ioannis
Giantsis, Ioannis A.
Karagiannis, Dimitrios
Theodorou, John A.
Staikou, Alexandra
Michaelidis, Basile
author_facet Lattos, Athanasios
Feidantsis, Konstantinos
Georgoulis, Ioannis
Giantsis, Ioannis A.
Karagiannis, Dimitrios
Theodorou, John A.
Staikou, Alexandra
Michaelidis, Basile
author_sort Lattos, Athanasios
collection PubMed
description Due to the rapid decrease of Pinna nobilis populations during the previous decades, this bivalve species, endemic in the Mediterranean Sea, is characterized as ‘critically endangered’. In addition to human pressures, various pathogen infections have resulted in extended reduction, even population extinction. While Haplosporidium pinnae is characterized as one of the major causative agents, mass mortalities have also been attributed to Mycobacterium sp. and Vibrio spp. Due to limited knowledge concerning the physiological response of infected P. nobilis specimens against various pathogens, this study’s aim was to investigate to pathophysiological response of P. nobilis individuals, originating from mortality events in the Thermaikos Gulf and Lesvos and Limnos islands (Greece), and their correlation to different potential pathogens detected in the diseased animals. In isolated tissues, several cellular stress indicators of the heat shock and immune response, apoptosis and autophagy, were examined. Despite the complexity and limitations in the study of P. nobilis mortality events, the present investigation demonstrates the cumulative negative effect of co-infection additionally with H. pinnae in comparison to the non-presence of haplosporidian parasite. In addition, impacts of global climate change affecting physiological performance and immune responses result in more vulnerable populations in infectious diseases, a phenomenon which may intensify in the future.
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spelling pubmed-86165542021-11-26 Pathophysiological Responses of Pinna nobilis Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations Lattos, Athanasios Feidantsis, Konstantinos Georgoulis, Ioannis Giantsis, Ioannis A. Karagiannis, Dimitrios Theodorou, John A. Staikou, Alexandra Michaelidis, Basile Cells Article Due to the rapid decrease of Pinna nobilis populations during the previous decades, this bivalve species, endemic in the Mediterranean Sea, is characterized as ‘critically endangered’. In addition to human pressures, various pathogen infections have resulted in extended reduction, even population extinction. While Haplosporidium pinnae is characterized as one of the major causative agents, mass mortalities have also been attributed to Mycobacterium sp. and Vibrio spp. Due to limited knowledge concerning the physiological response of infected P. nobilis specimens against various pathogens, this study’s aim was to investigate to pathophysiological response of P. nobilis individuals, originating from mortality events in the Thermaikos Gulf and Lesvos and Limnos islands (Greece), and their correlation to different potential pathogens detected in the diseased animals. In isolated tissues, several cellular stress indicators of the heat shock and immune response, apoptosis and autophagy, were examined. Despite the complexity and limitations in the study of P. nobilis mortality events, the present investigation demonstrates the cumulative negative effect of co-infection additionally with H. pinnae in comparison to the non-presence of haplosporidian parasite. In addition, impacts of global climate change affecting physiological performance and immune responses result in more vulnerable populations in infectious diseases, a phenomenon which may intensify in the future. MDPI 2021-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8616554/ /pubmed/34831063 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112838 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lattos, Athanasios
Feidantsis, Konstantinos
Georgoulis, Ioannis
Giantsis, Ioannis A.
Karagiannis, Dimitrios
Theodorou, John A.
Staikou, Alexandra
Michaelidis, Basile
Pathophysiological Responses of Pinna nobilis Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations
title Pathophysiological Responses of Pinna nobilis Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations
title_full Pathophysiological Responses of Pinna nobilis Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations
title_fullStr Pathophysiological Responses of Pinna nobilis Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations
title_full_unstemmed Pathophysiological Responses of Pinna nobilis Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations
title_short Pathophysiological Responses of Pinna nobilis Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations
title_sort pathophysiological responses of pinna nobilis individuals enlightens the etiology of mass mortality situation in the mediterranean populations
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34831063
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112838
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