Seguridad de la anestesia neuroaxial en mujeres con embarazo gemelar y síndrome de transfusión feto-fetal, sometidas a fotocoagulación láser. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics and the frequency of maternal, fetal and neonatal complications in accordance with the neuraxial anesthesia (NA) technique in women with twin-to- twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) treated with laser photocoagulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive retrospective cohort study of pregnant patients with TTTS treated with laser photocoagulation under NA at Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali (Colombia), between 2013-2017. Patients with Quintero stage VTTTS were excluded. The protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee. RESULTS: Of the participants, 32 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study population consisted of young, multiparous women. Urgent interventions were performed in 87.5% of cases; 43.7% were Quintero stage III and epidural anesthesia was used in 56.2% of the women. Maternal hemodynamic variables were similar, in accordance with the timing of surgery and the neuraxial technique used. Sustained hypotension occurred in 65.6% of the pregnant women and 9.3% developed pulmonary edema. Pre-term delivery occurred in 65.6% of the patients and 18.7% had premature rupture of membranes. There were 14 fetal demises and five neonatal deaths. There were no cases of maternal mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with TTTS requiring laser photocoagulation, the use of epidural, spinal or combined anesthesia is likely associated with similar maternal hemodynamic variables at the time of surgery. Practitioners providing care to these pregnant women must be aware of the frequent occurrence of maternal, fetal and neonatal complications. Prospective studies to assess the safety and effectiveness of the different neuraxial anesthesia techniques in patients with TTTS are required.