A nonlinear fractional-order damage model of stress relaxation of net-like red soil

It is essential to precisely describe the nonlinear characteristics of the stress relaxation behavior to ensure the long-term stability of geotechnical structures in the net-like red soil. A novel damage model of variable fractional-order was discussed here to accurately analyze the progress of stress relaxation for the net-like red soil. Moreover, unsaturated triaxial experiments on stress relaxation under a step-loading mode were performed to identify model parameters and investigate the nonlinear relaxation characteristics of the net-like red soil. The feasibility and validity of the proposed model were furthermore verified by comparisons with the experimental results and fitting curves obtained from the Nishihara model and the generalized Kelvin model. Results show that the analytical result by the proposed model is consistent with the measured data, and the proposed model can better depict the nonlinear characteristics of stress relaxation relative to other analytical models. It can better exhibit the relaxation evolution of soil compared with the conventional models.