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Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine
The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves our highest order cognitive operations, and yet is tremendously dependent on a precise neurochemical environment for proper functioning. Depletion of noradrenaline and dopamine, or of acetylcholine from the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC), is as devastating as...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8617291/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34312496 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01100-8 |
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author | Cools, Roshan Arnsten, Amy F. T. |
author_facet | Cools, Roshan Arnsten, Amy F. T. |
author_sort | Cools, Roshan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves our highest order cognitive operations, and yet is tremendously dependent on a precise neurochemical environment for proper functioning. Depletion of noradrenaline and dopamine, or of acetylcholine from the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC), is as devastating as removing the cortex itself, and serotonergic influences are also critical to proper functioning of the orbital and medial PFC. Most neuromodulators have a narrow inverted U dose response, which coordinates arousal state with cognitive state, and contributes to cognitive deficits with fatigue or uncontrollable stress. Studies in monkeys have revealed the molecular signaling mechanisms that govern the generation and modulation of mental representations by the dlPFC, allowing dynamic regulation of network strength, a process that requires tight regulation to prevent toxic actions, e.g., as occurs with advanced age. Brain imaging studies in humans have observed drug and genotype influences on a range of cognitive tasks and on PFC circuit functional connectivity, e.g., showing that catecholamines stabilize representations in a baseline-dependent manner. Research in monkeys has already led to new treatments for cognitive disorders in humans, encouraging future research in this important field. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8617291 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86172912021-12-10 Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine Cools, Roshan Arnsten, Amy F. T. Neuropsychopharmacology Review Article The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves our highest order cognitive operations, and yet is tremendously dependent on a precise neurochemical environment for proper functioning. Depletion of noradrenaline and dopamine, or of acetylcholine from the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC), is as devastating as removing the cortex itself, and serotonergic influences are also critical to proper functioning of the orbital and medial PFC. Most neuromodulators have a narrow inverted U dose response, which coordinates arousal state with cognitive state, and contributes to cognitive deficits with fatigue or uncontrollable stress. Studies in monkeys have revealed the molecular signaling mechanisms that govern the generation and modulation of mental representations by the dlPFC, allowing dynamic regulation of network strength, a process that requires tight regulation to prevent toxic actions, e.g., as occurs with advanced age. Brain imaging studies in humans have observed drug and genotype influences on a range of cognitive tasks and on PFC circuit functional connectivity, e.g., showing that catecholamines stabilize representations in a baseline-dependent manner. Research in monkeys has already led to new treatments for cognitive disorders in humans, encouraging future research in this important field. Springer International Publishing 2021-07-26 2022-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8617291/ /pubmed/34312496 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01100-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Article Cools, Roshan Arnsten, Amy F. T. Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine |
title | Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine |
title_full | Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine |
title_fullStr | Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine |
title_short | Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine |
title_sort | neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8617291/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34312496 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01100-8 |
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