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Liquid Biopsy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening via Surface Markers of Circulating Tumor Cells

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked second for cancer-related deaths worldwide with approximately half of the patients being diagnosed at the late stages. The untimely detection of CRC results in advancement to the metastatic stage and nearly 90% of cancer-related deaths. The early detection of CRC is...

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Autores principales: Tieng, Francis Yew Fu, Abu, Nadiah, Nasir, Siti Nurmi, Lee, Learn-Han, Ab Mutalib, Nurul-Syakima
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618170/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34829483
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112136
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author Tieng, Francis Yew Fu
Abu, Nadiah
Nasir, Siti Nurmi
Lee, Learn-Han
Ab Mutalib, Nurul-Syakima
author_facet Tieng, Francis Yew Fu
Abu, Nadiah
Nasir, Siti Nurmi
Lee, Learn-Han
Ab Mutalib, Nurul-Syakima
author_sort Tieng, Francis Yew Fu
collection PubMed
description Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked second for cancer-related deaths worldwide with approximately half of the patients being diagnosed at the late stages. The untimely detection of CRC results in advancement to the metastatic stage and nearly 90% of cancer-related deaths. The early detection of CRC is crucial to decrease its overall incidence and mortality rates. The recent introduction of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has enabled a less invasive sampling method from liquid biopsies, besides revealing key information toward CRC metastasis. The current gold standard for CTC identification is the CellSearch® system (Veridex). This first-generation instrumentation relies on a single cell surface marker (CSM) to capture and count CTCs. Detection of CTCs allows the identification of patients at risk for metastasis, whereas CTC enumeration could improve risk assessment, monitoring of systemic therapy, and detection of therapy resistance in advanced metastatic CRC. In this review, we compared the pros and cons between single CSM-based CTC enrichment techniques and multi-marker-based systems. We also highlighted the challenges faced in the routine implementation of CSM-dependent CTC detection methods in CRC screening, prediction, prognosis, disease monitoring, and therapy selection toward precision medicine, as well as the dwelling on post-CTC analysis and characterization methods.
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spelling pubmed-86181702021-11-27 Liquid Biopsy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening via Surface Markers of Circulating Tumor Cells Tieng, Francis Yew Fu Abu, Nadiah Nasir, Siti Nurmi Lee, Learn-Han Ab Mutalib, Nurul-Syakima Diagnostics (Basel) Review Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked second for cancer-related deaths worldwide with approximately half of the patients being diagnosed at the late stages. The untimely detection of CRC results in advancement to the metastatic stage and nearly 90% of cancer-related deaths. The early detection of CRC is crucial to decrease its overall incidence and mortality rates. The recent introduction of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has enabled a less invasive sampling method from liquid biopsies, besides revealing key information toward CRC metastasis. The current gold standard for CTC identification is the CellSearch® system (Veridex). This first-generation instrumentation relies on a single cell surface marker (CSM) to capture and count CTCs. Detection of CTCs allows the identification of patients at risk for metastasis, whereas CTC enumeration could improve risk assessment, monitoring of systemic therapy, and detection of therapy resistance in advanced metastatic CRC. In this review, we compared the pros and cons between single CSM-based CTC enrichment techniques and multi-marker-based systems. We also highlighted the challenges faced in the routine implementation of CSM-dependent CTC detection methods in CRC screening, prediction, prognosis, disease monitoring, and therapy selection toward precision medicine, as well as the dwelling on post-CTC analysis and characterization methods. MDPI 2021-11-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8618170/ /pubmed/34829483 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112136 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Tieng, Francis Yew Fu
Abu, Nadiah
Nasir, Siti Nurmi
Lee, Learn-Han
Ab Mutalib, Nurul-Syakima
Liquid Biopsy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening via Surface Markers of Circulating Tumor Cells
title Liquid Biopsy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening via Surface Markers of Circulating Tumor Cells
title_full Liquid Biopsy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening via Surface Markers of Circulating Tumor Cells
title_fullStr Liquid Biopsy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening via Surface Markers of Circulating Tumor Cells
title_full_unstemmed Liquid Biopsy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening via Surface Markers of Circulating Tumor Cells
title_short Liquid Biopsy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening via Surface Markers of Circulating Tumor Cells
title_sort liquid biopsy-based colorectal cancer screening via surface markers of circulating tumor cells
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618170/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34829483
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112136
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