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Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers

Iron and copper are essential micronutrients needed for the proper function of every cell. However, in excessive amounts, these elements are toxic, as they may cause oxidative stress, resulting in damage to the liver and other organs. This may happen due to poisoning, as a side effect of thalassemia...

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Autores principales: Hruby, Martin, Martínez, Irma Ivette Santana, Stephan, Holger, Pouckova, Pavla, Benes, Jiri, Stepanek, Petr
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618197/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34833268
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223969
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author Hruby, Martin
Martínez, Irma Ivette Santana
Stephan, Holger
Pouckova, Pavla
Benes, Jiri
Stepanek, Petr
author_facet Hruby, Martin
Martínez, Irma Ivette Santana
Stephan, Holger
Pouckova, Pavla
Benes, Jiri
Stepanek, Petr
author_sort Hruby, Martin
collection PubMed
description Iron and copper are essential micronutrients needed for the proper function of every cell. However, in excessive amounts, these elements are toxic, as they may cause oxidative stress, resulting in damage to the liver and other organs. This may happen due to poisoning, as a side effect of thalassemia infusion therapy or due to hereditary diseases hemochromatosis or Wilson’s disease. The current golden standard of therapy of iron and copper overload is the use of low-molecular-weight chelators of these elements. However, these agents suffer from severe side effects, are often expensive and possess unfavorable pharmacokinetics, thus limiting the usability of such therapy. The emerging concepts are polymer-supported iron- and copper-chelating therapeutics, either for parenteral or oral use, which shows vivid potential to keep the therapeutic efficacy of low-molecular-weight agents, while avoiding their drawbacks, especially their side effects. Critical evaluation of this new perspective polymer approach is the purpose of this review article.
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spelling pubmed-86181972021-11-27 Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers Hruby, Martin Martínez, Irma Ivette Santana Stephan, Holger Pouckova, Pavla Benes, Jiri Stepanek, Petr Polymers (Basel) Review Iron and copper are essential micronutrients needed for the proper function of every cell. However, in excessive amounts, these elements are toxic, as they may cause oxidative stress, resulting in damage to the liver and other organs. This may happen due to poisoning, as a side effect of thalassemia infusion therapy or due to hereditary diseases hemochromatosis or Wilson’s disease. The current golden standard of therapy of iron and copper overload is the use of low-molecular-weight chelators of these elements. However, these agents suffer from severe side effects, are often expensive and possess unfavorable pharmacokinetics, thus limiting the usability of such therapy. The emerging concepts are polymer-supported iron- and copper-chelating therapeutics, either for parenteral or oral use, which shows vivid potential to keep the therapeutic efficacy of low-molecular-weight agents, while avoiding their drawbacks, especially their side effects. Critical evaluation of this new perspective polymer approach is the purpose of this review article. MDPI 2021-11-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8618197/ /pubmed/34833268 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223969 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hruby, Martin
Martínez, Irma Ivette Santana
Stephan, Holger
Pouckova, Pavla
Benes, Jiri
Stepanek, Petr
Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers
title Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers
title_full Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers
title_fullStr Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers
title_full_unstemmed Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers
title_short Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers
title_sort chelators for treatment of iron and copper overload: shift from low-molecular-weight compounds to polymers
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618197/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34833268
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223969
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