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Assessment of Oral Microbiome Changes in Healthy and COVID-19-Affected Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review

During pregnancy, there are several metabolic changes and an alteration in the composition of microorganisms that inhabit the oral cavity, with an increase in pathogenic bacteria that promote the onset of gingival diseases. This review is based on research in reference to the PICO model (Problem/Int...

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Autores principales: Butera, Andrea, Maiorani, Carolina, Morandini, Annalaura, Simonini, Manuela, Colnaghi, Arianna, Morittu, Stefania, Barbieri, Stefania, Ricci, Maria, Guerrisi, Gaetano, Piloni, Daniela, Cimarossa, Roberta, Fusaro, Barbara, Sinesi, Antonia, Bruni, Ambra, Scribante, Andrea
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618476/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34835510
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112385
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author Butera, Andrea
Maiorani, Carolina
Morandini, Annalaura
Simonini, Manuela
Colnaghi, Arianna
Morittu, Stefania
Barbieri, Stefania
Ricci, Maria
Guerrisi, Gaetano
Piloni, Daniela
Cimarossa, Roberta
Fusaro, Barbara
Sinesi, Antonia
Bruni, Ambra
Scribante, Andrea
author_facet Butera, Andrea
Maiorani, Carolina
Morandini, Annalaura
Simonini, Manuela
Colnaghi, Arianna
Morittu, Stefania
Barbieri, Stefania
Ricci, Maria
Guerrisi, Gaetano
Piloni, Daniela
Cimarossa, Roberta
Fusaro, Barbara
Sinesi, Antonia
Bruni, Ambra
Scribante, Andrea
author_sort Butera, Andrea
collection PubMed
description During pregnancy, there are several metabolic changes and an alteration in the composition of microorganisms that inhabit the oral cavity, with an increase in pathogenic bacteria that promote the onset of gingival diseases. This review is based on research in reference to the PICO model (Problem/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome), related to changes in the oral microbiome of pregnant women and possible oral consequences in patients with COVID-19. The results showed a growth of some pathogenic bacteria in pregnant women, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum, and the selective growth of the Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella species, probably due to the fact that these bacteria use progesterone as a source of nutrition. These same bacteria are implicated in the development of periodontal disease. Periodontal pockets have bidirectional interactions between the oral cavity and the systemic circulatory system through the peripheral gingival blood vessels. The affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to specific membrane receptors is now clear, and could involve the internal and external epithelial lining or the fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament. According to the results of the present review, the control of oral microbiome changes during pregnancy would be welcomed. The use of probiotics could help clinicians manage pregnant patients, reducing inflammatory indexes. Future studies should focus not only on changes in the level of the oral microbiome in pregnancy or the correlation between periodontal disease and COVID-19, but also on oral changes induced by both clinical situations.
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spelling pubmed-86184762021-11-27 Assessment of Oral Microbiome Changes in Healthy and COVID-19-Affected Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review Butera, Andrea Maiorani, Carolina Morandini, Annalaura Simonini, Manuela Colnaghi, Arianna Morittu, Stefania Barbieri, Stefania Ricci, Maria Guerrisi, Gaetano Piloni, Daniela Cimarossa, Roberta Fusaro, Barbara Sinesi, Antonia Bruni, Ambra Scribante, Andrea Microorganisms Review During pregnancy, there are several metabolic changes and an alteration in the composition of microorganisms that inhabit the oral cavity, with an increase in pathogenic bacteria that promote the onset of gingival diseases. This review is based on research in reference to the PICO model (Problem/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome), related to changes in the oral microbiome of pregnant women and possible oral consequences in patients with COVID-19. The results showed a growth of some pathogenic bacteria in pregnant women, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum, and the selective growth of the Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella species, probably due to the fact that these bacteria use progesterone as a source of nutrition. These same bacteria are implicated in the development of periodontal disease. Periodontal pockets have bidirectional interactions between the oral cavity and the systemic circulatory system through the peripheral gingival blood vessels. The affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to specific membrane receptors is now clear, and could involve the internal and external epithelial lining or the fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament. According to the results of the present review, the control of oral microbiome changes during pregnancy would be welcomed. The use of probiotics could help clinicians manage pregnant patients, reducing inflammatory indexes. Future studies should focus not only on changes in the level of the oral microbiome in pregnancy or the correlation between periodontal disease and COVID-19, but also on oral changes induced by both clinical situations. MDPI 2021-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8618476/ /pubmed/34835510 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112385 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Butera, Andrea
Maiorani, Carolina
Morandini, Annalaura
Simonini, Manuela
Colnaghi, Arianna
Morittu, Stefania
Barbieri, Stefania
Ricci, Maria
Guerrisi, Gaetano
Piloni, Daniela
Cimarossa, Roberta
Fusaro, Barbara
Sinesi, Antonia
Bruni, Ambra
Scribante, Andrea
Assessment of Oral Microbiome Changes in Healthy and COVID-19-Affected Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review
title Assessment of Oral Microbiome Changes in Healthy and COVID-19-Affected Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review
title_full Assessment of Oral Microbiome Changes in Healthy and COVID-19-Affected Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Assessment of Oral Microbiome Changes in Healthy and COVID-19-Affected Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of Oral Microbiome Changes in Healthy and COVID-19-Affected Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review
title_short Assessment of Oral Microbiome Changes in Healthy and COVID-19-Affected Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review
title_sort assessment of oral microbiome changes in healthy and covid-19-affected pregnant women: a narrative review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618476/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34835510
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112385
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