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The Past, the Present, and the Future of the Size Exclusion Chromatography in Extracellular Vesicles Separation
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous particles secreted by all cell types (including virus infected and uninfected cells) into the extracellular milieu. EVs carry, protect, and transport a wide array of bioactive cargoes to recipient/target cells. EVs regulate physiological and p...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618570/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34835078 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112272 |
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author | Kaddour, Hussein Tranquille, Malik Okeoma, Chioma M. |
author_facet | Kaddour, Hussein Tranquille, Malik Okeoma, Chioma M. |
author_sort | Kaddour, Hussein |
collection | PubMed |
description | Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous particles secreted by all cell types (including virus infected and uninfected cells) into the extracellular milieu. EVs carry, protect, and transport a wide array of bioactive cargoes to recipient/target cells. EVs regulate physiological and pathophysiological processes in recipient cells and are important in therapeutics/drug delivery. Despite these great attributes of EVs, an efficient protocol for EV separation from biofluids is lacking. Numerous techniques have been adapted for the separation of EVs with size exclusion chromatography (SEC)-based methods being the most promising. Here, we review the SEC protocols used for EV separation, and discuss opportunities for significant improvements, such as the development of novel particle purification liquid chromatography (PPLC) system capable of tandem purification and characterization of biological and synthetic particles with near-single vesicle resolution. Finally, we identify future perspectives and current issues to make PPLC a tool capable of providing a unified, automated, adaptable, yet simple and affordable particle separation resource. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8618570 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86185702021-11-27 The Past, the Present, and the Future of the Size Exclusion Chromatography in Extracellular Vesicles Separation Kaddour, Hussein Tranquille, Malik Okeoma, Chioma M. Viruses Review Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous particles secreted by all cell types (including virus infected and uninfected cells) into the extracellular milieu. EVs carry, protect, and transport a wide array of bioactive cargoes to recipient/target cells. EVs regulate physiological and pathophysiological processes in recipient cells and are important in therapeutics/drug delivery. Despite these great attributes of EVs, an efficient protocol for EV separation from biofluids is lacking. Numerous techniques have been adapted for the separation of EVs with size exclusion chromatography (SEC)-based methods being the most promising. Here, we review the SEC protocols used for EV separation, and discuss opportunities for significant improvements, such as the development of novel particle purification liquid chromatography (PPLC) system capable of tandem purification and characterization of biological and synthetic particles with near-single vesicle resolution. Finally, we identify future perspectives and current issues to make PPLC a tool capable of providing a unified, automated, adaptable, yet simple and affordable particle separation resource. MDPI 2021-11-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8618570/ /pubmed/34835078 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112272 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kaddour, Hussein Tranquille, Malik Okeoma, Chioma M. The Past, the Present, and the Future of the Size Exclusion Chromatography in Extracellular Vesicles Separation |
title | The Past, the Present, and the Future of the Size Exclusion Chromatography in Extracellular Vesicles Separation |
title_full | The Past, the Present, and the Future of the Size Exclusion Chromatography in Extracellular Vesicles Separation |
title_fullStr | The Past, the Present, and the Future of the Size Exclusion Chromatography in Extracellular Vesicles Separation |
title_full_unstemmed | The Past, the Present, and the Future of the Size Exclusion Chromatography in Extracellular Vesicles Separation |
title_short | The Past, the Present, and the Future of the Size Exclusion Chromatography in Extracellular Vesicles Separation |
title_sort | past, the present, and the future of the size exclusion chromatography in extracellular vesicles separation |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618570/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34835078 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112272 |
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