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PCNA Loaders and Unloaders—One Ring That Rules Them All

During each cell duplication, the entirety of the genomic DNA in every cell must be accurately and quickly copied. Given the short time available for the chore, the requirement of many proteins, and the daunting amount of DNA present, DNA replication poses a serious challenge to the cell. A high lev...

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Autores principales: Arbel, Matan, Choudhary, Karan, Tfilin, Ofri, Kupiec, Martin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618651/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34828416
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12111812
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author Arbel, Matan
Choudhary, Karan
Tfilin, Ofri
Kupiec, Martin
author_facet Arbel, Matan
Choudhary, Karan
Tfilin, Ofri
Kupiec, Martin
author_sort Arbel, Matan
collection PubMed
description During each cell duplication, the entirety of the genomic DNA in every cell must be accurately and quickly copied. Given the short time available for the chore, the requirement of many proteins, and the daunting amount of DNA present, DNA replication poses a serious challenge to the cell. A high level of coordination between polymerases and other DNA and chromatin-interacting proteins is vital to complete this task. One of the most important proteins for maintaining such coordination is PCNA. PCNA is a multitasking protein that forms a homotrimeric ring that encircles the DNA. It serves as a processivity factor for DNA polymerases and acts as a landing platform for different proteins interacting with DNA and chromatin. Therefore, PCNA is a signaling hub that influences the rate and accuracy of DNA replication, regulates DNA damage repair, controls chromatin formation during the replication, and the proper segregation of the sister chromatids. With so many essential roles, PCNA recruitment and turnover on the chromatin is of utmost importance. Three different, conserved protein complexes are in charge of loading/unloading PCNA onto DNA. Replication factor C (RFC) is the canonical complex in charge of loading PCNA during the S-phase. The Ctf18 and Elg1 (ATAD5 in mammalian) proteins form complexes similar to RFC, with particular functions in the cell’s nucleus. Here we summarize our current knowledge about the roles of these important factors in yeast and mammals.
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spelling pubmed-86186512021-11-27 PCNA Loaders and Unloaders—One Ring That Rules Them All Arbel, Matan Choudhary, Karan Tfilin, Ofri Kupiec, Martin Genes (Basel) Review During each cell duplication, the entirety of the genomic DNA in every cell must be accurately and quickly copied. Given the short time available for the chore, the requirement of many proteins, and the daunting amount of DNA present, DNA replication poses a serious challenge to the cell. A high level of coordination between polymerases and other DNA and chromatin-interacting proteins is vital to complete this task. One of the most important proteins for maintaining such coordination is PCNA. PCNA is a multitasking protein that forms a homotrimeric ring that encircles the DNA. It serves as a processivity factor for DNA polymerases and acts as a landing platform for different proteins interacting with DNA and chromatin. Therefore, PCNA is a signaling hub that influences the rate and accuracy of DNA replication, regulates DNA damage repair, controls chromatin formation during the replication, and the proper segregation of the sister chromatids. With so many essential roles, PCNA recruitment and turnover on the chromatin is of utmost importance. Three different, conserved protein complexes are in charge of loading/unloading PCNA onto DNA. Replication factor C (RFC) is the canonical complex in charge of loading PCNA during the S-phase. The Ctf18 and Elg1 (ATAD5 in mammalian) proteins form complexes similar to RFC, with particular functions in the cell’s nucleus. Here we summarize our current knowledge about the roles of these important factors in yeast and mammals. MDPI 2021-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8618651/ /pubmed/34828416 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12111812 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Arbel, Matan
Choudhary, Karan
Tfilin, Ofri
Kupiec, Martin
PCNA Loaders and Unloaders—One Ring That Rules Them All
title PCNA Loaders and Unloaders—One Ring That Rules Them All
title_full PCNA Loaders and Unloaders—One Ring That Rules Them All
title_fullStr PCNA Loaders and Unloaders—One Ring That Rules Them All
title_full_unstemmed PCNA Loaders and Unloaders—One Ring That Rules Them All
title_short PCNA Loaders and Unloaders—One Ring That Rules Them All
title_sort pcna loaders and unloaders—one ring that rules them all
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618651/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34828416
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12111812
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