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Proteomics of Cryptococcus neoformans: From the Lab to the Clinic

Fungal pathogens cause an array of diseases by targeting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. Fungi overcome our current arsenal of antifungals through the emergence and evolution of resistance. In particular, the human fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans is found ubiquitously with...

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Autores principales: Muselius, Ben, Durand, Shay-Lynn, Geddes-McAlister, Jennifer
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618913/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34830272
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212390
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author Muselius, Ben
Durand, Shay-Lynn
Geddes-McAlister, Jennifer
author_facet Muselius, Ben
Durand, Shay-Lynn
Geddes-McAlister, Jennifer
author_sort Muselius, Ben
collection PubMed
description Fungal pathogens cause an array of diseases by targeting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. Fungi overcome our current arsenal of antifungals through the emergence and evolution of resistance. In particular, the human fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans is found ubiquitously within the environment and causes severe disease in immunocompromised individuals around the globe with limited treatment options available. To uncover fundamental knowledge about this fungal pathogen, as well as investigate new detection and treatment strategies, mass spectrometry-based proteomics provides a plethora of tools and applications, as well as bioinformatics platforms. In this review, we highlight proteomics approaches within the laboratory to investigate changes in the cellular proteome, secretome, and extracellular vesicles. We also explore regulation by post-translational modifications and the impact of protein–protein interactions. Further, we present the development and comprehensive assessment of murine models of cryptococcal infection, which provide valuable tools to define the dynamic relationship between the host and pathogen during disease. Finally, we explore recent quantitative proteomics studies that begin to extrapolate the findings from the bench to the clinic for improved methods of fungal detection and monitoring. Such studies support a framework for personalized medical approaches to eradicate diseases caused by C. neoformans.
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spelling pubmed-86189132021-11-27 Proteomics of Cryptococcus neoformans: From the Lab to the Clinic Muselius, Ben Durand, Shay-Lynn Geddes-McAlister, Jennifer Int J Mol Sci Review Fungal pathogens cause an array of diseases by targeting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. Fungi overcome our current arsenal of antifungals through the emergence and evolution of resistance. In particular, the human fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans is found ubiquitously within the environment and causes severe disease in immunocompromised individuals around the globe with limited treatment options available. To uncover fundamental knowledge about this fungal pathogen, as well as investigate new detection and treatment strategies, mass spectrometry-based proteomics provides a plethora of tools and applications, as well as bioinformatics platforms. In this review, we highlight proteomics approaches within the laboratory to investigate changes in the cellular proteome, secretome, and extracellular vesicles. We also explore regulation by post-translational modifications and the impact of protein–protein interactions. Further, we present the development and comprehensive assessment of murine models of cryptococcal infection, which provide valuable tools to define the dynamic relationship between the host and pathogen during disease. Finally, we explore recent quantitative proteomics studies that begin to extrapolate the findings from the bench to the clinic for improved methods of fungal detection and monitoring. Such studies support a framework for personalized medical approaches to eradicate diseases caused by C. neoformans. MDPI 2021-11-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8618913/ /pubmed/34830272 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212390 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Muselius, Ben
Durand, Shay-Lynn
Geddes-McAlister, Jennifer
Proteomics of Cryptococcus neoformans: From the Lab to the Clinic
title Proteomics of Cryptococcus neoformans: From the Lab to the Clinic
title_full Proteomics of Cryptococcus neoformans: From the Lab to the Clinic
title_fullStr Proteomics of Cryptococcus neoformans: From the Lab to the Clinic
title_full_unstemmed Proteomics of Cryptococcus neoformans: From the Lab to the Clinic
title_short Proteomics of Cryptococcus neoformans: From the Lab to the Clinic
title_sort proteomics of cryptococcus neoformans: from the lab to the clinic
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618913/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34830272
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212390
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