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Nanocomposites of Chitosan/Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles/Blackberry Waste Extract as Potential Bone Substitutes
New technologies based on nanocomposites of biopolymers and nanoparticles inspired by the nature of bone structure have accelerated their application in regenerative medicine, thanks to the introduction of reinforcing properties. Our research incorporated chitosan (CS) covalently crosslinked with gl...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618967/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34833175 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223877 |
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author | Valencia-Llano, Carlos Humberto Solano, Moisés A. Grande-Tovar, Carlos David |
author_facet | Valencia-Llano, Carlos Humberto Solano, Moisés A. Grande-Tovar, Carlos David |
author_sort | Valencia-Llano, Carlos Humberto |
collection | PubMed |
description | New technologies based on nanocomposites of biopolymers and nanoparticles inspired by the nature of bone structure have accelerated their application in regenerative medicine, thanks to the introduction of reinforcing properties. Our research incorporated chitosan (CS) covalently crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GLA) beads with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2)), and blackberry processing waste extract (BBE) and evaluated them as partial bone substitutes. Skullbone defects in biomodels filled with the scaffolds showed evidence through light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, histological studies, soft tissue development with hair recovery, and absence of necrotic areas or aggressive infectious response of the immune system after 90 days of implantation. More interestingly, newly formed bone was evidenced by elemental analysis and Masson trichromacy analysis, which demonstrated a possible osteoinductive effect from the beads using the critical size defect experimental design in the biomodels. The results of this research are auspicious for the development of bone substitutes and evidence that the technologies for tissue regeneration, including chitosan nanocomposites, are beneficial for the adhesion and proliferation of bone cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8618967 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86189672021-11-27 Nanocomposites of Chitosan/Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles/Blackberry Waste Extract as Potential Bone Substitutes Valencia-Llano, Carlos Humberto Solano, Moisés A. Grande-Tovar, Carlos David Polymers (Basel) Article New technologies based on nanocomposites of biopolymers and nanoparticles inspired by the nature of bone structure have accelerated their application in regenerative medicine, thanks to the introduction of reinforcing properties. Our research incorporated chitosan (CS) covalently crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GLA) beads with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2)), and blackberry processing waste extract (BBE) and evaluated them as partial bone substitutes. Skullbone defects in biomodels filled with the scaffolds showed evidence through light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, histological studies, soft tissue development with hair recovery, and absence of necrotic areas or aggressive infectious response of the immune system after 90 days of implantation. More interestingly, newly formed bone was evidenced by elemental analysis and Masson trichromacy analysis, which demonstrated a possible osteoinductive effect from the beads using the critical size defect experimental design in the biomodels. The results of this research are auspicious for the development of bone substitutes and evidence that the technologies for tissue regeneration, including chitosan nanocomposites, are beneficial for the adhesion and proliferation of bone cells. MDPI 2021-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8618967/ /pubmed/34833175 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223877 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Valencia-Llano, Carlos Humberto Solano, Moisés A. Grande-Tovar, Carlos David Nanocomposites of Chitosan/Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles/Blackberry Waste Extract as Potential Bone Substitutes |
title | Nanocomposites of Chitosan/Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles/Blackberry Waste Extract as Potential Bone Substitutes |
title_full | Nanocomposites of Chitosan/Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles/Blackberry Waste Extract as Potential Bone Substitutes |
title_fullStr | Nanocomposites of Chitosan/Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles/Blackberry Waste Extract as Potential Bone Substitutes |
title_full_unstemmed | Nanocomposites of Chitosan/Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles/Blackberry Waste Extract as Potential Bone Substitutes |
title_short | Nanocomposites of Chitosan/Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles/Blackberry Waste Extract as Potential Bone Substitutes |
title_sort | nanocomposites of chitosan/graphene oxide/titanium dioxide nanoparticles/blackberry waste extract as potential bone substitutes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618967/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34833175 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223877 |
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