The Mutational Landscape of PTK7 in Congenital Scoliosis and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Depletion of ptk7 is associated with both congenital scoliosis (CS) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in zebrafish models. However, only one human variant of PTK7 has been reported previously in a patient with AIS. In this study, we systemically investigated the variant landscape of PTK7 in 583 patients with CS and 302 patients with AIS from the Deciphering Disorders Involving Scoliosis and COmorbidities (DISCO) study. We identified a total of four rare variants in CS and four variants in AIS, including one protein truncating variant (c.464_465delAC) in a patient with CS. We then explored the effects of these variants on protein expression and sub-cellular location. We confirmed that the c.464_465delAC variant causes loss-of-function (LoF) of PTK7. In addition, the c.353C>T and c.2290G>A variants identified in two patients with AIS led to reduced protein expression of PTK7 as compared to that of the wild type. In conclusion, LoF and hypomorphic variants are associated with CS and AIS, respectively.