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The CHO Cell Clustering Response to Pertussis Toxin: History of Its Discovery and Recent Developments in Its Use
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells respond to pertussis toxin (PT) with a novel clustering pattern, which is dependent on biologically active PT. Since its description in 1983, this cellular response has been refined and used extensively for detection and quantification of PT activity, as well as ant...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8619707/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34822599 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110815 |
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author | Gray, Mary C. Guerrant, Richard L. Hewlett, Erik L. |
author_facet | Gray, Mary C. Guerrant, Richard L. Hewlett, Erik L. |
author_sort | Gray, Mary C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells respond to pertussis toxin (PT) with a novel clustering pattern, which is dependent on biologically active PT. Since its description in 1983, this cellular response has been refined and used extensively for detection and quantification of PT activity, as well as anti-PT antibodies. There are limitations, however, in the use of this phenomenon as originally described. They are: (1) a subjective, observer-dependent scoring system; (2) the requirement for 16–24 h incubation in order for the response to be clearly detectable; and (3) apparent interference from non-toxin materials. To overcome these limitations, a number of alternative in vitro assays for PT, using CHO cells or other cell types, have been developed and are described elsewhere in this publication. In addressing the challenges associated with the CHO cell assay, we discovered that changes in the electrical impedance-based “normalized cell index” of PT-treated CHO cells obtained with the ACEA xCELLigence instrument enable objective detection/quantification of the PT-induced effect in as little as 3–4 h. To the best of our knowledge, the molecular basis for this intriguing response remains unknown. We present here electron microscopic (EM) images of control and PT-treated cells, which suggest some potential molecular mechanisms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8619707 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86197072021-11-27 The CHO Cell Clustering Response to Pertussis Toxin: History of Its Discovery and Recent Developments in Its Use Gray, Mary C. Guerrant, Richard L. Hewlett, Erik L. Toxins (Basel) Article Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells respond to pertussis toxin (PT) with a novel clustering pattern, which is dependent on biologically active PT. Since its description in 1983, this cellular response has been refined and used extensively for detection and quantification of PT activity, as well as anti-PT antibodies. There are limitations, however, in the use of this phenomenon as originally described. They are: (1) a subjective, observer-dependent scoring system; (2) the requirement for 16–24 h incubation in order for the response to be clearly detectable; and (3) apparent interference from non-toxin materials. To overcome these limitations, a number of alternative in vitro assays for PT, using CHO cells or other cell types, have been developed and are described elsewhere in this publication. In addressing the challenges associated with the CHO cell assay, we discovered that changes in the electrical impedance-based “normalized cell index” of PT-treated CHO cells obtained with the ACEA xCELLigence instrument enable objective detection/quantification of the PT-induced effect in as little as 3–4 h. To the best of our knowledge, the molecular basis for this intriguing response remains unknown. We present here electron microscopic (EM) images of control and PT-treated cells, which suggest some potential molecular mechanisms. MDPI 2021-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8619707/ /pubmed/34822599 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110815 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gray, Mary C. Guerrant, Richard L. Hewlett, Erik L. The CHO Cell Clustering Response to Pertussis Toxin: History of Its Discovery and Recent Developments in Its Use |
title | The CHO Cell Clustering Response to Pertussis Toxin: History of Its Discovery and Recent Developments in Its Use |
title_full | The CHO Cell Clustering Response to Pertussis Toxin: History of Its Discovery and Recent Developments in Its Use |
title_fullStr | The CHO Cell Clustering Response to Pertussis Toxin: History of Its Discovery and Recent Developments in Its Use |
title_full_unstemmed | The CHO Cell Clustering Response to Pertussis Toxin: History of Its Discovery and Recent Developments in Its Use |
title_short | The CHO Cell Clustering Response to Pertussis Toxin: History of Its Discovery and Recent Developments in Its Use |
title_sort | cho cell clustering response to pertussis toxin: history of its discovery and recent developments in its use |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8619707/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34822599 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110815 |
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