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Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan
Water and energy are essential for the human body. The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures water turnover (WT) and total energy expenditure (TEE), which serves as a benchmark for the adequate intake (AI) of water and estimated energy requirements (EER). The objective of the current study was...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8620068/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34836425 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114169 |
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author | Yamada, Yosuke Sagayama, Hiroyuki Yasukata, Jun Uchizawa, Akiko Itoi, Aya Yoshida, Tsukasa Watanabe, Daiki Hashii-Arishima, Yukako Mitsuishi, Hisashi Nishimura, Makoto Kimura, Misaka Aoki, Yoshiko |
author_facet | Yamada, Yosuke Sagayama, Hiroyuki Yasukata, Jun Uchizawa, Akiko Itoi, Aya Yoshida, Tsukasa Watanabe, Daiki Hashii-Arishima, Yukako Mitsuishi, Hisashi Nishimura, Makoto Kimura, Misaka Aoki, Yoshiko |
author_sort | Yamada, Yosuke |
collection | PubMed |
description | Water and energy are essential for the human body. The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures water turnover (WT) and total energy expenditure (TEE), which serves as a benchmark for the adequate intake (AI) of water and estimated energy requirements (EER). The objective of the current study was to examine the association of WT and TEE with physical activity and body composition in Japanese preschool children. We included 41 preschool children (22 girls, 19 boys) aged 3–6 in this study. WT, TEE, and fat-free mass (FFM) were obtained using DLW. Physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer and categorized as light (LPA; 1.5–2.9 Metabolic equivalents, METs) and of moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVPA; ≥3.0 METs). Exercise duration (Ex) was defined as ≥4.0 METs of physical activity. WT and TEE moderately positively correlated with Ex, but not with LPA. WT moderately positively correlated with BW and FFM while TEE strongly. We established predictive equations for WT and TEE using body weight (BW), FFM, step count, and Ex to guide the AI of water and EER in Japanese preschool children. We found that FFM and step count are the determinants of TEE, and that BW and Ex are the determinants of WT in preschool children. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8620068 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86200682021-11-27 Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan Yamada, Yosuke Sagayama, Hiroyuki Yasukata, Jun Uchizawa, Akiko Itoi, Aya Yoshida, Tsukasa Watanabe, Daiki Hashii-Arishima, Yukako Mitsuishi, Hisashi Nishimura, Makoto Kimura, Misaka Aoki, Yoshiko Nutrients Article Water and energy are essential for the human body. The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures water turnover (WT) and total energy expenditure (TEE), which serves as a benchmark for the adequate intake (AI) of water and estimated energy requirements (EER). The objective of the current study was to examine the association of WT and TEE with physical activity and body composition in Japanese preschool children. We included 41 preschool children (22 girls, 19 boys) aged 3–6 in this study. WT, TEE, and fat-free mass (FFM) were obtained using DLW. Physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer and categorized as light (LPA; 1.5–2.9 Metabolic equivalents, METs) and of moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVPA; ≥3.0 METs). Exercise duration (Ex) was defined as ≥4.0 METs of physical activity. WT and TEE moderately positively correlated with Ex, but not with LPA. WT moderately positively correlated with BW and FFM while TEE strongly. We established predictive equations for WT and TEE using body weight (BW), FFM, step count, and Ex to guide the AI of water and EER in Japanese preschool children. We found that FFM and step count are the determinants of TEE, and that BW and Ex are the determinants of WT in preschool children. MDPI 2021-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8620068/ /pubmed/34836425 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114169 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yamada, Yosuke Sagayama, Hiroyuki Yasukata, Jun Uchizawa, Akiko Itoi, Aya Yoshida, Tsukasa Watanabe, Daiki Hashii-Arishima, Yukako Mitsuishi, Hisashi Nishimura, Makoto Kimura, Misaka Aoki, Yoshiko Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan |
title | Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan |
title_full | Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan |
title_fullStr | Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan |
title_full_unstemmed | Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan |
title_short | Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan |
title_sort | association between water and energy requirements with physical activity and fat-free mass in preschool children in japan |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8620068/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34836425 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114169 |
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