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Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method

Previously, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous test with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be a simple in vivo method to measure T-cell functionality after natural infection and in vaccinated individuals. Methods: Twenty-five kidney-transplanted recipients were immuniz...

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Autores principales: Barrios, Yvelise, Rodriguez, Aurelio, Franco, Andrés, Alava-Cruz, Cristina, Marrero-Miranda, Domingo, Perez-Tamajon, Lourdes, Matheu, Victor
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8620584/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34835246
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111315
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author Barrios, Yvelise
Rodriguez, Aurelio
Franco, Andrés
Alava-Cruz, Cristina
Marrero-Miranda, Domingo
Perez-Tamajon, Lourdes
Matheu, Victor
author_facet Barrios, Yvelise
Rodriguez, Aurelio
Franco, Andrés
Alava-Cruz, Cristina
Marrero-Miranda, Domingo
Perez-Tamajon, Lourdes
Matheu, Victor
author_sort Barrios, Yvelise
collection PubMed
description Previously, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous test with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be a simple in vivo method to measure T-cell functionality after natural infection and in vaccinated individuals. Methods: Twenty-five kidney-transplanted recipients were immunized with two doses of the mRNA-based Pfizer–BioNTech COVID19 vaccine three weeks apart. Cell-immune response (CIR) was evaluated ten weeks later using an in vivo DTH skin test and in vitro with an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Humoral Immune Response (HIR) was determined by the measurement of specific IgG anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2. Results: Ten weeks after the second dose of the vaccine, 23 out of 25 transplanted patients had a positive DTH skin test, while in vitro CIR was considered positive in 20 patients. Unspecific stimulation was positive in all 25 patients, showing no T-cell defect. Seven out of twenty-five patients had a negative specific anti-spike IgG. CIR was positive in all immune-competent control patients. Conclusions: DTH is a useful, simple, and cheaper tool that can be used to assess cellular immune response, with an excellent correlation with the in vitro CIR. CIR assessment after vaccination in these immunocompromised patients is an excellent complement to HIR-based methods. This skin test could be used if classical in vitro methods cannot be applied.
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spelling pubmed-86205842021-11-27 Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method Barrios, Yvelise Rodriguez, Aurelio Franco, Andrés Alava-Cruz, Cristina Marrero-Miranda, Domingo Perez-Tamajon, Lourdes Matheu, Victor Vaccines (Basel) Communication Previously, the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous test with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be a simple in vivo method to measure T-cell functionality after natural infection and in vaccinated individuals. Methods: Twenty-five kidney-transplanted recipients were immunized with two doses of the mRNA-based Pfizer–BioNTech COVID19 vaccine three weeks apart. Cell-immune response (CIR) was evaluated ten weeks later using an in vivo DTH skin test and in vitro with an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Humoral Immune Response (HIR) was determined by the measurement of specific IgG anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2. Results: Ten weeks after the second dose of the vaccine, 23 out of 25 transplanted patients had a positive DTH skin test, while in vitro CIR was considered positive in 20 patients. Unspecific stimulation was positive in all 25 patients, showing no T-cell defect. Seven out of twenty-five patients had a negative specific anti-spike IgG. CIR was positive in all immune-competent control patients. Conclusions: DTH is a useful, simple, and cheaper tool that can be used to assess cellular immune response, with an excellent correlation with the in vitro CIR. CIR assessment after vaccination in these immunocompromised patients is an excellent complement to HIR-based methods. This skin test could be used if classical in vitro methods cannot be applied. MDPI 2021-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8620584/ /pubmed/34835246 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111315 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Communication
Barrios, Yvelise
Rodriguez, Aurelio
Franco, Andrés
Alava-Cruz, Cristina
Marrero-Miranda, Domingo
Perez-Tamajon, Lourdes
Matheu, Victor
Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method
title Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method
title_full Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method
title_fullStr Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method
title_short Optimizing a Protocol to Assess Immune Responses after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney-Transplanted Patients: In Vivo DTH Cutaneous Test as the Initial Screening Method
title_sort optimizing a protocol to assess immune responses after sars-cov-2 vaccination in kidney-transplanted patients: in vivo dth cutaneous test as the initial screening method
topic Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8620584/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34835246
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111315
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