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Alien, Naturalized and Invasive Plants in China

Invasive species are a subset of naturalized species, and naturalized species are a subset of alien species. Determining the relationship among these three assemblages would be helpful in predicting and preventing biological invasion. Here, we reviewed the families, lifeforms, origins, introduction...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Aiying, Hu, Xunyu, Yao, Shenhao, Yu, Mingjian, Ying, Zhixia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8620670/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34834604
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112241
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author Zhang, Aiying
Hu, Xunyu
Yao, Shenhao
Yu, Mingjian
Ying, Zhixia
author_facet Zhang, Aiying
Hu, Xunyu
Yao, Shenhao
Yu, Mingjian
Ying, Zhixia
author_sort Zhang, Aiying
collection PubMed
description Invasive species are a subset of naturalized species, and naturalized species are a subset of alien species. Determining the relationship among these three assemblages would be helpful in predicting and preventing biological invasion. Here, we reviewed the families, lifeforms, origins, introduction pathways and phylogenetic diversity of alien, naturalized and invasive vascular plants in China. The results show that species in the Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae families had a high dominance among alien, naturalized and invasive species. Moreover, almost all alien species in the Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae and Euphorbiaceae families became naturalized species, and about 26.7% of the naturalized species became invasive species. Perennial herbs comprised a higher proportion of alien species than did annual herbs, though annual herbs were more suited to becoming invasive than perennial herbs. A considerable proportion (57.8%) of invasive species were introduced from America. More than half (56.5%) of alien species were introduced for their ornamental value, and half of these have become naturalized in China. Moreover, about half (55.2%) of all invasive species were introduced for their economic value (including ornamental, foraging and medicinal purposes). Invasive species were phylogenetically clustered and phylogenetically distant from alien and naturalized species, which indicates that phylogenetic differences could be helpful in becoming invasive. There is no doubt that human activity plays a significant role in biological invasion. This study suggests that when introducing alien species to a region, decision-makers should certainly consider the species’ phylogeny, beyond just its fundamental characteristics.
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spelling pubmed-86206702021-11-27 Alien, Naturalized and Invasive Plants in China Zhang, Aiying Hu, Xunyu Yao, Shenhao Yu, Mingjian Ying, Zhixia Plants (Basel) Communication Invasive species are a subset of naturalized species, and naturalized species are a subset of alien species. Determining the relationship among these three assemblages would be helpful in predicting and preventing biological invasion. Here, we reviewed the families, lifeforms, origins, introduction pathways and phylogenetic diversity of alien, naturalized and invasive vascular plants in China. The results show that species in the Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae families had a high dominance among alien, naturalized and invasive species. Moreover, almost all alien species in the Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae and Euphorbiaceae families became naturalized species, and about 26.7% of the naturalized species became invasive species. Perennial herbs comprised a higher proportion of alien species than did annual herbs, though annual herbs were more suited to becoming invasive than perennial herbs. A considerable proportion (57.8%) of invasive species were introduced from America. More than half (56.5%) of alien species were introduced for their ornamental value, and half of these have become naturalized in China. Moreover, about half (55.2%) of all invasive species were introduced for their economic value (including ornamental, foraging and medicinal purposes). Invasive species were phylogenetically clustered and phylogenetically distant from alien and naturalized species, which indicates that phylogenetic differences could be helpful in becoming invasive. There is no doubt that human activity plays a significant role in biological invasion. This study suggests that when introducing alien species to a region, decision-makers should certainly consider the species’ phylogeny, beyond just its fundamental characteristics. MDPI 2021-10-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8620670/ /pubmed/34834604 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112241 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Communication
Zhang, Aiying
Hu, Xunyu
Yao, Shenhao
Yu, Mingjian
Ying, Zhixia
Alien, Naturalized and Invasive Plants in China
title Alien, Naturalized and Invasive Plants in China
title_full Alien, Naturalized and Invasive Plants in China
title_fullStr Alien, Naturalized and Invasive Plants in China
title_full_unstemmed Alien, Naturalized and Invasive Plants in China
title_short Alien, Naturalized and Invasive Plants in China
title_sort alien, naturalized and invasive plants in china
topic Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8620670/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34834604
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112241
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