Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr (VI) over g-C(3)N(4) Photocatalysts Synthesized by Different Precursors

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C(3)N(4)) photocatalysts were synthesized via a one-step pyrolysis process using melamine, dicyandiamide, thiourea, and urea as precursors. The obtained g-C(3)N(4) materials exhibited a significantly different performance for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) under white light irradiation, which is attributed to the altered structure and occupancies surface groups. The urea-derived g-C(3)N(4) with nanosheet morphology, large specific surface area, and high occupancies of surface amine groups exhibited superior photocatalytic activity. The nanosheet morphology and large surface area facilitated the separation and transmission of charge, while the high occupancies of surface amine groups promoted the formation of hydrogen adsorption atomic centers which were beneficial to Cr(VI) reduction. Moreover, the possible reduction pathway of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) over the urea-derived g-C(3)N(4) was proposed and the reduction process was mainly initiated by a direct reduction of photogenerated electrons.