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The New Kid on the Block: HLA-C, a Key Regulator of Natural Killer Cells in Viral Immunity

The human leukocyte antigen system (HLA) is a cluster of highly polymorphic genes essential for the proper function of the immune system, and it has been associated with a wide range of diseases. HLA class I molecules present intracellular host- and pathogen-derived peptides to effector cells of the...

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Autores principales: Vollmers, Sarah, Lobermeyer, Annabelle, Körner, Christian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8620871/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34831331
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113108
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author Vollmers, Sarah
Lobermeyer, Annabelle
Körner, Christian
author_facet Vollmers, Sarah
Lobermeyer, Annabelle
Körner, Christian
author_sort Vollmers, Sarah
collection PubMed
description The human leukocyte antigen system (HLA) is a cluster of highly polymorphic genes essential for the proper function of the immune system, and it has been associated with a wide range of diseases. HLA class I molecules present intracellular host- and pathogen-derived peptides to effector cells of the immune system, inducing immune tolerance in healthy conditions or triggering effective immune responses in pathological situations. HLA-C is the most recently evolved HLA class I molecule, only present in humans and great apes. Differentiating from its older siblings, HLA-A and HLA-B, HLA-C exhibits distinctive features in its expression and interaction partners. HLA-C serves as a natural ligand for multiple members of the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family, which are predominately expressed by natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells are crucial for the early control of viral infections and accumulating evidence indicates that interactions between HLA-C and its respective KIR receptors determine the outcome and progression of viral infections. In this review, we focus on the unique role of HLA-C in regulating NK cell functions and its consequences in the setting of viral infections.
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spelling pubmed-86208712021-11-27 The New Kid on the Block: HLA-C, a Key Regulator of Natural Killer Cells in Viral Immunity Vollmers, Sarah Lobermeyer, Annabelle Körner, Christian Cells Review The human leukocyte antigen system (HLA) is a cluster of highly polymorphic genes essential for the proper function of the immune system, and it has been associated with a wide range of diseases. HLA class I molecules present intracellular host- and pathogen-derived peptides to effector cells of the immune system, inducing immune tolerance in healthy conditions or triggering effective immune responses in pathological situations. HLA-C is the most recently evolved HLA class I molecule, only present in humans and great apes. Differentiating from its older siblings, HLA-A and HLA-B, HLA-C exhibits distinctive features in its expression and interaction partners. HLA-C serves as a natural ligand for multiple members of the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family, which are predominately expressed by natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells are crucial for the early control of viral infections and accumulating evidence indicates that interactions between HLA-C and its respective KIR receptors determine the outcome and progression of viral infections. In this review, we focus on the unique role of HLA-C in regulating NK cell functions and its consequences in the setting of viral infections. MDPI 2021-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8620871/ /pubmed/34831331 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113108 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Vollmers, Sarah
Lobermeyer, Annabelle
Körner, Christian
The New Kid on the Block: HLA-C, a Key Regulator of Natural Killer Cells in Viral Immunity
title The New Kid on the Block: HLA-C, a Key Regulator of Natural Killer Cells in Viral Immunity
title_full The New Kid on the Block: HLA-C, a Key Regulator of Natural Killer Cells in Viral Immunity
title_fullStr The New Kid on the Block: HLA-C, a Key Regulator of Natural Killer Cells in Viral Immunity
title_full_unstemmed The New Kid on the Block: HLA-C, a Key Regulator of Natural Killer Cells in Viral Immunity
title_short The New Kid on the Block: HLA-C, a Key Regulator of Natural Killer Cells in Viral Immunity
title_sort new kid on the block: hla-c, a key regulator of natural killer cells in viral immunity
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8620871/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34831331
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113108
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