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Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

The nutritional management of preterm infants is a critical point of care, especially because of the increased risk of developing extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), which is associated with worsened health outcomes. Energy requirements in preterm infants are simply estimated, so the measurement...

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Autores principales: Perrone, Michela, Menis, Camilla, Piemontese, Pasqua, Tabasso, Chiara, Mallardi, Domenica, Orsi, Anna, Amato, Orsola, Liotto, Nadia, Roggero, Paola, Mosca, Fabio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8620881/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34836218
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113962
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author Perrone, Michela
Menis, Camilla
Piemontese, Pasqua
Tabasso, Chiara
Mallardi, Domenica
Orsi, Anna
Amato, Orsola
Liotto, Nadia
Roggero, Paola
Mosca, Fabio
author_facet Perrone, Michela
Menis, Camilla
Piemontese, Pasqua
Tabasso, Chiara
Mallardi, Domenica
Orsi, Anna
Amato, Orsola
Liotto, Nadia
Roggero, Paola
Mosca, Fabio
author_sort Perrone, Michela
collection PubMed
description The nutritional management of preterm infants is a critical point of care, especially because of the increased risk of developing extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), which is associated with worsened health outcomes. Energy requirements in preterm infants are simply estimated, so the measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) should be a key point in the nutritional evaluation of preterm infants. Although predictive formulae are available, it is well known that they are imprecise. The aim of our study was the evaluation of REE and protein oxidation (Ox) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and the association with the mode of feeding and with body composition at term corrected age. Methods: Indirect calorimetry and body composition were performed at term corrected age in stable very low birth weight infants. Urinary nitrogen was measured in spot urine samples to calculate Ox. Infants were categorized as prevalent human milk (HMF) or prevalent formula diet (PFF). Results: Fifty VLBWI (HMF: 23, PFF: 27) were evaluated at 36.48 ± 0.85 post-conceptional weeks. No significant differences were found in basic characteristics or nutritional intake in the groups at birth and at the assessment. No differences were found in the REE of HMF vs. PFF (59.69 ± 9.8 kcal/kg/day vs. 59.27 ± 13.15 kcal/kg/day, respectively). We found statistical differences in the protein-Ox of HMF vs. PFF (1.7 ± 0.92 g/kg/day vs. 2.8 ± 1.65 g/kg/day, respectively, p < 0.01), and HMF infants had a higher fat-free mass (kg) than PFF infants (2.05 ± 0.26 kg vs. 1.82 ± 0.35 kg, respectively, p < 0.01), measured with air displacement plethysmography. Conclusion: REE is similar in infants with a prevalent human milk diet and in infants fed with formula. The HMF infants showed a lower oxidation rate of proteins for energy purposes and a better quality of growth. A greater amount of protein in HMF is probably used for anabolism and fat-free mass deposition. Further studies are needed to confirm our hypothesis.
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spelling pubmed-86208812021-11-27 Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants Perrone, Michela Menis, Camilla Piemontese, Pasqua Tabasso, Chiara Mallardi, Domenica Orsi, Anna Amato, Orsola Liotto, Nadia Roggero, Paola Mosca, Fabio Nutrients Article The nutritional management of preterm infants is a critical point of care, especially because of the increased risk of developing extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), which is associated with worsened health outcomes. Energy requirements in preterm infants are simply estimated, so the measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) should be a key point in the nutritional evaluation of preterm infants. Although predictive formulae are available, it is well known that they are imprecise. The aim of our study was the evaluation of REE and protein oxidation (Ox) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and the association with the mode of feeding and with body composition at term corrected age. Methods: Indirect calorimetry and body composition were performed at term corrected age in stable very low birth weight infants. Urinary nitrogen was measured in spot urine samples to calculate Ox. Infants were categorized as prevalent human milk (HMF) or prevalent formula diet (PFF). Results: Fifty VLBWI (HMF: 23, PFF: 27) were evaluated at 36.48 ± 0.85 post-conceptional weeks. No significant differences were found in basic characteristics or nutritional intake in the groups at birth and at the assessment. No differences were found in the REE of HMF vs. PFF (59.69 ± 9.8 kcal/kg/day vs. 59.27 ± 13.15 kcal/kg/day, respectively). We found statistical differences in the protein-Ox of HMF vs. PFF (1.7 ± 0.92 g/kg/day vs. 2.8 ± 1.65 g/kg/day, respectively, p < 0.01), and HMF infants had a higher fat-free mass (kg) than PFF infants (2.05 ± 0.26 kg vs. 1.82 ± 0.35 kg, respectively, p < 0.01), measured with air displacement plethysmography. Conclusion: REE is similar in infants with a prevalent human milk diet and in infants fed with formula. The HMF infants showed a lower oxidation rate of proteins for energy purposes and a better quality of growth. A greater amount of protein in HMF is probably used for anabolism and fat-free mass deposition. Further studies are needed to confirm our hypothesis. MDPI 2021-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8620881/ /pubmed/34836218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113962 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Perrone, Michela
Menis, Camilla
Piemontese, Pasqua
Tabasso, Chiara
Mallardi, Domenica
Orsi, Anna
Amato, Orsola
Liotto, Nadia
Roggero, Paola
Mosca, Fabio
Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
title Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
title_full Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
title_fullStr Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
title_full_unstemmed Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
title_short Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
title_sort energy expenditure, protein oxidation and body composition in a cohort of very low birth weight infants
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8620881/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34836218
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113962
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