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Crepidium sect. Crepidium (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae)—Chemical and Morphological Study of Flower Structures in the Context of Pollination Processes

Crepidium is a large genus of mainly pantropical orchids. The lips of its flowers are upwardly directed and do not serve as landing platforms for pollinators. This role is assumed by the dorsal sepal and/or gynostemium. Information about the pollination and floral morphology of this genus is scarce....

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Autores principales: Margońska, Hanna B., Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, Małgorzata, Brzezicka, Emilia, Haliński, Łukasz P., Davies, Kevin L., Lipińska, Monika M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621117/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34834736
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112373
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author Margońska, Hanna B.
Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, Małgorzata
Brzezicka, Emilia
Haliński, Łukasz P.
Davies, Kevin L.
Lipińska, Monika M.
author_facet Margońska, Hanna B.
Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, Małgorzata
Brzezicka, Emilia
Haliński, Łukasz P.
Davies, Kevin L.
Lipińska, Monika M.
author_sort Margońska, Hanna B.
collection PubMed
description Crepidium is a large genus of mainly pantropical orchids. The lips of its flowers are upwardly directed and do not serve as landing platforms for pollinators. This role is assumed by the dorsal sepal and/or gynostemium. Information about the pollination and floral morphology of this genus is scarce. To date, no papers have been published on these topics. Field observations have revealed that the flowers are visited by small flies, midges, fruit flies, other small dipterans, ants, spiders, and mites. Preliminary observations revealed at least two forms of small liquid droplets secreted on the lip surface of Crepidium species: simple secretions from epidermal cells, and cell sap released upon the rupturing of raphide-producing cells. Further research revealed that this was the first time liquid secretion was recorded in this genus. Floral secretions were subjected to sequential organic solvent extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Floral parts were investigated by means of scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and histochemical tests. The presence of liquid droplets on the lip of Crepidium, the presence of a food reward, and the sequence of raphide development are reported here for the first time.
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spelling pubmed-86211172021-11-27 Crepidium sect. Crepidium (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae)—Chemical and Morphological Study of Flower Structures in the Context of Pollination Processes Margońska, Hanna B. Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, Małgorzata Brzezicka, Emilia Haliński, Łukasz P. Davies, Kevin L. Lipińska, Monika M. Plants (Basel) Article Crepidium is a large genus of mainly pantropical orchids. The lips of its flowers are upwardly directed and do not serve as landing platforms for pollinators. This role is assumed by the dorsal sepal and/or gynostemium. Information about the pollination and floral morphology of this genus is scarce. To date, no papers have been published on these topics. Field observations have revealed that the flowers are visited by small flies, midges, fruit flies, other small dipterans, ants, spiders, and mites. Preliminary observations revealed at least two forms of small liquid droplets secreted on the lip surface of Crepidium species: simple secretions from epidermal cells, and cell sap released upon the rupturing of raphide-producing cells. Further research revealed that this was the first time liquid secretion was recorded in this genus. Floral secretions were subjected to sequential organic solvent extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Floral parts were investigated by means of scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and histochemical tests. The presence of liquid droplets on the lip of Crepidium, the presence of a food reward, and the sequence of raphide development are reported here for the first time. MDPI 2021-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8621117/ /pubmed/34834736 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112373 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Margońska, Hanna B.
Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, Małgorzata
Brzezicka, Emilia
Haliński, Łukasz P.
Davies, Kevin L.
Lipińska, Monika M.
Crepidium sect. Crepidium (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae)—Chemical and Morphological Study of Flower Structures in the Context of Pollination Processes
title Crepidium sect. Crepidium (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae)—Chemical and Morphological Study of Flower Structures in the Context of Pollination Processes
title_full Crepidium sect. Crepidium (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae)—Chemical and Morphological Study of Flower Structures in the Context of Pollination Processes
title_fullStr Crepidium sect. Crepidium (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae)—Chemical and Morphological Study of Flower Structures in the Context of Pollination Processes
title_full_unstemmed Crepidium sect. Crepidium (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae)—Chemical and Morphological Study of Flower Structures in the Context of Pollination Processes
title_short Crepidium sect. Crepidium (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae)—Chemical and Morphological Study of Flower Structures in the Context of Pollination Processes
title_sort crepidium sect. crepidium (orchidaceae, malaxidinae)—chemical and morphological study of flower structures in the context of pollination processes
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621117/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34834736
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112373
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