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The Oryx Antelope (Oryx gazella): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)

For several years after its discovery, Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) represented a major threat to the swine industry through economic losses due to the associated clinical syndromes, decreased production performances in both symptomatic and asymptomatic animals and disease management costs. Widespre...

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Autores principales: Molini, Umberto, Coetzee, Lauren Michelle, Hemberger, Maria Yvonne, Khaiseb, Siegfried, Cattoli, Giovanni, Dundon, William G., Franzo, Giovanni
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621338/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34832558
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111402
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author Molini, Umberto
Coetzee, Lauren Michelle
Hemberger, Maria Yvonne
Khaiseb, Siegfried
Cattoli, Giovanni
Dundon, William G.
Franzo, Giovanni
author_facet Molini, Umberto
Coetzee, Lauren Michelle
Hemberger, Maria Yvonne
Khaiseb, Siegfried
Cattoli, Giovanni
Dundon, William G.
Franzo, Giovanni
author_sort Molini, Umberto
collection PubMed
description For several years after its discovery, Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) represented a major threat to the swine industry through economic losses due to the associated clinical syndromes, decreased production performances in both symptomatic and asymptomatic animals and disease management costs. Widespread vaccination administration has largely reduced the impact of this infection and represents the most effective control measure. The efficacy of vaccination is threatened by the emergence of novel (or uncommon) PCV-2 genotypes. In addition to domestic pigs, PCV-2 has been detected in several other species, a fact which could have an impact on new variant emergence and maintenance. Considering this, the present study assessed the distribution of the minor PCV-2c genotype in non-Suidae ungulates in Namibia. Red hartebeests (Alcelaphus buselaphus caama) (n = 44), kudus (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) (n = 10) and oryxes (Oryx gazella) (n = 54), whose mediastinal lymph nodes were sampled after slaughtering during the period 2019–2021, were included in the study. Two oryxes (3.7%; 95% CI = 0.45–12.75%) were PCV-2-positive by PCR. Complete genome sequence was obtained for the two samples identifying them as PCV-2c genotype. The sequences were identical and shared a high percentage of identity (~99.9%) with those recently obtained from warthogs living in the same area. The present study confirms the presence of the PCV-2c genotype (previously considered extinct) in Namibian wild animal populations and demonstrates greater than expected PCV-2 host plasticity. Because of the role these niches can have in the maintenance and evolution of minor PCV-2 genotypes, more extensive and dedicated studies should be performed to prepare authorities to promptly react to potential emerging threats from these viruses.
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spelling pubmed-86213382021-11-27 The Oryx Antelope (Oryx gazella): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2) Molini, Umberto Coetzee, Lauren Michelle Hemberger, Maria Yvonne Khaiseb, Siegfried Cattoli, Giovanni Dundon, William G. Franzo, Giovanni Pathogens Article For several years after its discovery, Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) represented a major threat to the swine industry through economic losses due to the associated clinical syndromes, decreased production performances in both symptomatic and asymptomatic animals and disease management costs. Widespread vaccination administration has largely reduced the impact of this infection and represents the most effective control measure. The efficacy of vaccination is threatened by the emergence of novel (or uncommon) PCV-2 genotypes. In addition to domestic pigs, PCV-2 has been detected in several other species, a fact which could have an impact on new variant emergence and maintenance. Considering this, the present study assessed the distribution of the minor PCV-2c genotype in non-Suidae ungulates in Namibia. Red hartebeests (Alcelaphus buselaphus caama) (n = 44), kudus (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) (n = 10) and oryxes (Oryx gazella) (n = 54), whose mediastinal lymph nodes were sampled after slaughtering during the period 2019–2021, were included in the study. Two oryxes (3.7%; 95% CI = 0.45–12.75%) were PCV-2-positive by PCR. Complete genome sequence was obtained for the two samples identifying them as PCV-2c genotype. The sequences were identical and shared a high percentage of identity (~99.9%) with those recently obtained from warthogs living in the same area. The present study confirms the presence of the PCV-2c genotype (previously considered extinct) in Namibian wild animal populations and demonstrates greater than expected PCV-2 host plasticity. Because of the role these niches can have in the maintenance and evolution of minor PCV-2 genotypes, more extensive and dedicated studies should be performed to prepare authorities to promptly react to potential emerging threats from these viruses. MDPI 2021-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8621338/ /pubmed/34832558 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111402 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Molini, Umberto
Coetzee, Lauren Michelle
Hemberger, Maria Yvonne
Khaiseb, Siegfried
Cattoli, Giovanni
Dundon, William G.
Franzo, Giovanni
The Oryx Antelope (Oryx gazella): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)
title The Oryx Antelope (Oryx gazella): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)
title_full The Oryx Antelope (Oryx gazella): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)
title_fullStr The Oryx Antelope (Oryx gazella): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)
title_full_unstemmed The Oryx Antelope (Oryx gazella): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)
title_short The Oryx Antelope (Oryx gazella): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)
title_sort oryx antelope (oryx gazella): an unexpected host for porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621338/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34832558
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111402
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