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On the Origin and Evolution of Drosophila New Genes during Spermatogenesis
The origin of functional new genes is a basic biological process that has significant contribution to organismal diversity. Previous studies in both Drosophila and mammals showed that new genes tend to be expressed in testes and avoid the X chromosome, presumably because of meiotic sex chromosome in...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621406/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34828402 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12111796 |
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author | Su, Qianwei He, Huangyi Zhou, Qi |
author_facet | Su, Qianwei He, Huangyi Zhou, Qi |
author_sort | Su, Qianwei |
collection | PubMed |
description | The origin of functional new genes is a basic biological process that has significant contribution to organismal diversity. Previous studies in both Drosophila and mammals showed that new genes tend to be expressed in testes and avoid the X chromosome, presumably because of meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). Here, we analyze the published single-cell transcriptome data of Drosophila adult testis and find an enrichment of male germline mitotic genes, but an underrepresentation of meiotic genes on the X chromosome. This can be attributed to an excess of autosomal meiotic genes that were derived from their X-linked mitotic progenitors, which provides direct cell-level evidence for MSCI in Drosophila. We reveal that new genes, particularly those produced by retrotransposition, tend to exhibit an expression shift toward late spermatogenesis compared with their parental copies, probably due to the more intensive sperm competition or sexual conflict. Our results dissect the complex factors including age, the origination mechanisms and the chromosomal locations that influence the new gene origination and evolution in testes, and identify new gene cases that show divergent cell-level expression patterns from their progenitors for future functional studies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8621406 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86214062021-11-27 On the Origin and Evolution of Drosophila New Genes during Spermatogenesis Su, Qianwei He, Huangyi Zhou, Qi Genes (Basel) Article The origin of functional new genes is a basic biological process that has significant contribution to organismal diversity. Previous studies in both Drosophila and mammals showed that new genes tend to be expressed in testes and avoid the X chromosome, presumably because of meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). Here, we analyze the published single-cell transcriptome data of Drosophila adult testis and find an enrichment of male germline mitotic genes, but an underrepresentation of meiotic genes on the X chromosome. This can be attributed to an excess of autosomal meiotic genes that were derived from their X-linked mitotic progenitors, which provides direct cell-level evidence for MSCI in Drosophila. We reveal that new genes, particularly those produced by retrotransposition, tend to exhibit an expression shift toward late spermatogenesis compared with their parental copies, probably due to the more intensive sperm competition or sexual conflict. Our results dissect the complex factors including age, the origination mechanisms and the chromosomal locations that influence the new gene origination and evolution in testes, and identify new gene cases that show divergent cell-level expression patterns from their progenitors for future functional studies. MDPI 2021-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8621406/ /pubmed/34828402 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12111796 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Su, Qianwei He, Huangyi Zhou, Qi On the Origin and Evolution of Drosophila New Genes during Spermatogenesis |
title | On the Origin and Evolution of Drosophila New Genes during Spermatogenesis |
title_full | On the Origin and Evolution of Drosophila New Genes during Spermatogenesis |
title_fullStr | On the Origin and Evolution of Drosophila New Genes during Spermatogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | On the Origin and Evolution of Drosophila New Genes during Spermatogenesis |
title_short | On the Origin and Evolution of Drosophila New Genes during Spermatogenesis |
title_sort | on the origin and evolution of drosophila new genes during spermatogenesis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621406/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34828402 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12111796 |
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