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Novel Antigenic Targets of HPV Therapeutic Vaccines

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of the majority of cervical cancers and head and neck cancers worldwide. Although prophylactic vaccines and cervical cancer screening programs have shown efficacy in preventing HPV-associated cervical cancer, cervical cancer is still a major cause of...

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Autores principales: Boilesen, Ditte Rahbæk, Nielsen, Karen Nørgaard, Holst, Peter Johannes
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621534/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34835193
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111262
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author Boilesen, Ditte Rahbæk
Nielsen, Karen Nørgaard
Holst, Peter Johannes
author_facet Boilesen, Ditte Rahbæk
Nielsen, Karen Nørgaard
Holst, Peter Johannes
author_sort Boilesen, Ditte Rahbæk
collection PubMed
description Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of the majority of cervical cancers and head and neck cancers worldwide. Although prophylactic vaccines and cervical cancer screening programs have shown efficacy in preventing HPV-associated cervical cancer, cervical cancer is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in third world countries. Furthermore, head and neck cancer cases caused by HPV infection and associated mortality are increasing. The need for better therapy is clear, and therapeutic vaccination generating cytotoxic T cells against HPV proteins is a promising strategy. This review covers the current scene of HPV therapeutic vaccines in clinical development and discusses relevant considerations for the design of future HPV therapeutic vaccines and clinical trials, such as HPV protein expression patterns, immunogenicity, and exhaustion in relation to the different stages and types of HPV-associated lesions and cancers. Ultimately, while the majority of the HPV therapeutic vaccines currently in clinical testing target the two HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7, we suggest that there is a need to include more HPV antigens in future HPV therapeutic vaccines to increase efficacy and find that especially E1 and E2 could be promising novel targets.
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spelling pubmed-86215342021-11-27 Novel Antigenic Targets of HPV Therapeutic Vaccines Boilesen, Ditte Rahbæk Nielsen, Karen Nørgaard Holst, Peter Johannes Vaccines (Basel) Review Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of the majority of cervical cancers and head and neck cancers worldwide. Although prophylactic vaccines and cervical cancer screening programs have shown efficacy in preventing HPV-associated cervical cancer, cervical cancer is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in third world countries. Furthermore, head and neck cancer cases caused by HPV infection and associated mortality are increasing. The need for better therapy is clear, and therapeutic vaccination generating cytotoxic T cells against HPV proteins is a promising strategy. This review covers the current scene of HPV therapeutic vaccines in clinical development and discusses relevant considerations for the design of future HPV therapeutic vaccines and clinical trials, such as HPV protein expression patterns, immunogenicity, and exhaustion in relation to the different stages and types of HPV-associated lesions and cancers. Ultimately, while the majority of the HPV therapeutic vaccines currently in clinical testing target the two HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7, we suggest that there is a need to include more HPV antigens in future HPV therapeutic vaccines to increase efficacy and find that especially E1 and E2 could be promising novel targets. MDPI 2021-11-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8621534/ /pubmed/34835193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111262 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Boilesen, Ditte Rahbæk
Nielsen, Karen Nørgaard
Holst, Peter Johannes
Novel Antigenic Targets of HPV Therapeutic Vaccines
title Novel Antigenic Targets of HPV Therapeutic Vaccines
title_full Novel Antigenic Targets of HPV Therapeutic Vaccines
title_fullStr Novel Antigenic Targets of HPV Therapeutic Vaccines
title_full_unstemmed Novel Antigenic Targets of HPV Therapeutic Vaccines
title_short Novel Antigenic Targets of HPV Therapeutic Vaccines
title_sort novel antigenic targets of hpv therapeutic vaccines
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621534/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34835193
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111262
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