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Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa

Mosquitoes in the Aedes and Culex genera are considered the main vectors of pathogenic flaviviruses worldwide. Entomological surveillance using universal flavivirus sets of primers in mosquitoes can detect not only pathogenic viruses but also insect-specific ones. It is hypothesized that insect-spec...

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Autores principales: Guarido, Milehna M., Govender, Kamini, Riddin, Megan A., Schrama, Maarten, Gorsich, Erin E., Brooke, Basil D., Almeida, Antonio Paulo Gouveia, Venter, Marietjie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621686/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34834955
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112148
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author Guarido, Milehna M.
Govender, Kamini
Riddin, Megan A.
Schrama, Maarten
Gorsich, Erin E.
Brooke, Basil D.
Almeida, Antonio Paulo Gouveia
Venter, Marietjie
author_facet Guarido, Milehna M.
Govender, Kamini
Riddin, Megan A.
Schrama, Maarten
Gorsich, Erin E.
Brooke, Basil D.
Almeida, Antonio Paulo Gouveia
Venter, Marietjie
author_sort Guarido, Milehna M.
collection PubMed
description Mosquitoes in the Aedes and Culex genera are considered the main vectors of pathogenic flaviviruses worldwide. Entomological surveillance using universal flavivirus sets of primers in mosquitoes can detect not only pathogenic viruses but also insect-specific ones. It is hypothesized that insect-specific flaviviruses, which naturally infect these mosquitoes, may influence their vector competence for zoonotic arboviruses. Here, entomological surveillance was performed between January 2014 and May 2018 in five different provinces in the northeastern parts of South Africa, with the aim of identifying circulating flaviviruses. Mosquitoes were sampled using different carbon dioxide trap types. Overall, 64,603 adult mosquitoes were collected, which were screened by RT-PCR and sequencing. In total, 17 pools were found positive for insect-specific Flaviviruses in the mosquito genera Aedes (12/17, 70.59%) and Anopheles (5/17, 29.41%). No insect-specific viruses were detected in Culex species. Cell-fusing agent viruses were detected in Aedes aegypti and Aedes caballus. A range of anopheline mosquitoes, including Anopheles coustani, An. squamosus and An. maculipalpis, were positive for Culex flavivirus-like and Anopheles flaviviruses. These results confirm the presence of insect-specific flaviviruses in mosquito populations in South Africa, expands their geographical range and indicates potential mosquito species as vector species.
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spelling pubmed-86216862021-11-27 Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa Guarido, Milehna M. Govender, Kamini Riddin, Megan A. Schrama, Maarten Gorsich, Erin E. Brooke, Basil D. Almeida, Antonio Paulo Gouveia Venter, Marietjie Viruses Brief Report Mosquitoes in the Aedes and Culex genera are considered the main vectors of pathogenic flaviviruses worldwide. Entomological surveillance using universal flavivirus sets of primers in mosquitoes can detect not only pathogenic viruses but also insect-specific ones. It is hypothesized that insect-specific flaviviruses, which naturally infect these mosquitoes, may influence their vector competence for zoonotic arboviruses. Here, entomological surveillance was performed between January 2014 and May 2018 in five different provinces in the northeastern parts of South Africa, with the aim of identifying circulating flaviviruses. Mosquitoes were sampled using different carbon dioxide trap types. Overall, 64,603 adult mosquitoes were collected, which were screened by RT-PCR and sequencing. In total, 17 pools were found positive for insect-specific Flaviviruses in the mosquito genera Aedes (12/17, 70.59%) and Anopheles (5/17, 29.41%). No insect-specific viruses were detected in Culex species. Cell-fusing agent viruses were detected in Aedes aegypti and Aedes caballus. A range of anopheline mosquitoes, including Anopheles coustani, An. squamosus and An. maculipalpis, were positive for Culex flavivirus-like and Anopheles flaviviruses. These results confirm the presence of insect-specific flaviviruses in mosquito populations in South Africa, expands their geographical range and indicates potential mosquito species as vector species. MDPI 2021-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8621686/ /pubmed/34834955 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112148 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Brief Report
Guarido, Milehna M.
Govender, Kamini
Riddin, Megan A.
Schrama, Maarten
Gorsich, Erin E.
Brooke, Basil D.
Almeida, Antonio Paulo Gouveia
Venter, Marietjie
Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa
title Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa
title_full Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa
title_fullStr Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa
title_short Detection of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northeastern Regions of South Africa
title_sort detection of insect-specific flaviviruses in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in northeastern regions of south africa
topic Brief Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621686/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34834955
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112148
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