Cargando…

Aquatic Toxicity Effects and Risk Assessment of ‘Form Specific’ Product-Released Engineered Nanomaterials

The study investigated the toxicity effects of ‘form specific’ engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and ions released from nano-enabled products (NEPs), namely sunscreens, sanitisers, body creams and socks on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Spirodela polyrhiza, and Daphnia magna. Additionally, risk esti...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lehutso, Raisibe Florence, Wesley-Smith, James, Thwala, Melusi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621863/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34830350
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212468
_version_ 1784605557379825664
author Lehutso, Raisibe Florence
Wesley-Smith, James
Thwala, Melusi
author_facet Lehutso, Raisibe Florence
Wesley-Smith, James
Thwala, Melusi
author_sort Lehutso, Raisibe Florence
collection PubMed
description The study investigated the toxicity effects of ‘form specific’ engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and ions released from nano-enabled products (NEPs), namely sunscreens, sanitisers, body creams and socks on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Spirodela polyrhiza, and Daphnia magna. Additionally, risk estimation emanating from the exposures was undertaken. The ENMs and the ions released from the products both contributed to the effects to varying extents, with neither being a uniform principal toxicity agent across the exposures; however, the effects were either synergistic or antagonistic. D. magna and S. polyrhiza were the most sensitive and least sensitive test organisms, respectively. The most toxic effects were from ENMs and ions released from sanitisers and sunscreens, whereas body creams and sock counterparts caused negligible effects. The internalisation of the ENMs from the sunscreens could not be established; only adsorption on the biota was evident. It was established that ENMs and ions released from products pose no imminent risk to ecosystems; instead, small to significant adverse effects are expected in the worst-case exposure scenario. The study demonstrates that while ENMs from products may not be considered to pose an imminent risk, increasing nanotechnology commercialization may increase their environmental exposure and risk potential; therefore, priority exposure cases need to be examined.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8621863
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-86218632021-11-27 Aquatic Toxicity Effects and Risk Assessment of ‘Form Specific’ Product-Released Engineered Nanomaterials Lehutso, Raisibe Florence Wesley-Smith, James Thwala, Melusi Int J Mol Sci Article The study investigated the toxicity effects of ‘form specific’ engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and ions released from nano-enabled products (NEPs), namely sunscreens, sanitisers, body creams and socks on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Spirodela polyrhiza, and Daphnia magna. Additionally, risk estimation emanating from the exposures was undertaken. The ENMs and the ions released from the products both contributed to the effects to varying extents, with neither being a uniform principal toxicity agent across the exposures; however, the effects were either synergistic or antagonistic. D. magna and S. polyrhiza were the most sensitive and least sensitive test organisms, respectively. The most toxic effects were from ENMs and ions released from sanitisers and sunscreens, whereas body creams and sock counterparts caused negligible effects. The internalisation of the ENMs from the sunscreens could not be established; only adsorption on the biota was evident. It was established that ENMs and ions released from products pose no imminent risk to ecosystems; instead, small to significant adverse effects are expected in the worst-case exposure scenario. The study demonstrates that while ENMs from products may not be considered to pose an imminent risk, increasing nanotechnology commercialization may increase their environmental exposure and risk potential; therefore, priority exposure cases need to be examined. MDPI 2021-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8621863/ /pubmed/34830350 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212468 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lehutso, Raisibe Florence
Wesley-Smith, James
Thwala, Melusi
Aquatic Toxicity Effects and Risk Assessment of ‘Form Specific’ Product-Released Engineered Nanomaterials
title Aquatic Toxicity Effects and Risk Assessment of ‘Form Specific’ Product-Released Engineered Nanomaterials
title_full Aquatic Toxicity Effects and Risk Assessment of ‘Form Specific’ Product-Released Engineered Nanomaterials
title_fullStr Aquatic Toxicity Effects and Risk Assessment of ‘Form Specific’ Product-Released Engineered Nanomaterials
title_full_unstemmed Aquatic Toxicity Effects and Risk Assessment of ‘Form Specific’ Product-Released Engineered Nanomaterials
title_short Aquatic Toxicity Effects and Risk Assessment of ‘Form Specific’ Product-Released Engineered Nanomaterials
title_sort aquatic toxicity effects and risk assessment of ‘form specific’ product-released engineered nanomaterials
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621863/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34830350
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212468
work_keys_str_mv AT lehutsoraisibeflorence aquatictoxicityeffectsandriskassessmentofformspecificproductreleasedengineerednanomaterials
AT wesleysmithjames aquatictoxicityeffectsandriskassessmentofformspecificproductreleasedengineerednanomaterials
AT thwalamelusi aquatictoxicityeffectsandriskassessmentofformspecificproductreleasedengineerednanomaterials