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Immune Response of Senegalese Sole against Betanodavirus Mutants with Modified Virulence

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), genus Betanodavirus, the etiological agent of the viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), presents a genome with two positive-sense single-stranded RNA segments. Striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), toge...

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Autores principales: Gémez-Mata, Juan, Souto, Sandra, Bandín, Isabel, Alonso, María del Carmen, Borrego, Juan José, Labella, Alejandro Manuel, García-Rosado, Esther
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621919/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34832544
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111388
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author Gémez-Mata, Juan
Souto, Sandra
Bandín, Isabel
Alonso, María del Carmen
Borrego, Juan José
Labella, Alejandro Manuel
García-Rosado, Esther
author_facet Gémez-Mata, Juan
Souto, Sandra
Bandín, Isabel
Alonso, María del Carmen
Borrego, Juan José
Labella, Alejandro Manuel
García-Rosado, Esther
author_sort Gémez-Mata, Juan
collection PubMed
description Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), genus Betanodavirus, the etiological agent of the viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), presents a genome with two positive-sense single-stranded RNA segments. Striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), together with reassortants RGNNV/SJNNV, are the betanodaviruses predominantly isolated in Southern Europe. An RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant isolated from Senegalese sole (wt160) causes high mortalities in this fish species. This virus presents differences in the sequence of the 3’ non-coding region (NCR) of both segments compared to RGNNV and SJNNV reference strains. Previously, it has been reported that the reversion of two of these differences (nucleotides 1408 and 1412) in the RNA2 3’NCR to the SJNNV-type (recombinant r1408-1412) resulted in a decrease in sole mortality. In the present study, we have applied an OpenArray(®) to analyse the involvement of sole immune response in the virulence of several recombinants: the r1408-1412 and two recombinants, developed in the present study, harbouring mutations at positions 3073 and 3093 of RNA1 3’NCR to revert them to RGNNV-type. According to the correlation values and to the number of expressed genes, the infection with the RNA2-mutant provoked the most different immune response compared to the immune response triggered after the infection with the rest of the viruses, and the exclusive and high upregulation of genes related to the complement system. The infection with the RNA1-mutants also provoked a decrease in mortality and their replication was delayed at least 24 h compared to the wt160 replication, which could provoke the lag observed in the immune response. Furthermore, the infection with the RNA1-mutants provoked the exclusive expression of pkr and the downregulation of il17rc.
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spelling pubmed-86219192021-11-27 Immune Response of Senegalese Sole against Betanodavirus Mutants with Modified Virulence Gémez-Mata, Juan Souto, Sandra Bandín, Isabel Alonso, María del Carmen Borrego, Juan José Labella, Alejandro Manuel García-Rosado, Esther Pathogens Article Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), genus Betanodavirus, the etiological agent of the viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), presents a genome with two positive-sense single-stranded RNA segments. Striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), together with reassortants RGNNV/SJNNV, are the betanodaviruses predominantly isolated in Southern Europe. An RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant isolated from Senegalese sole (wt160) causes high mortalities in this fish species. This virus presents differences in the sequence of the 3’ non-coding region (NCR) of both segments compared to RGNNV and SJNNV reference strains. Previously, it has been reported that the reversion of two of these differences (nucleotides 1408 and 1412) in the RNA2 3’NCR to the SJNNV-type (recombinant r1408-1412) resulted in a decrease in sole mortality. In the present study, we have applied an OpenArray(®) to analyse the involvement of sole immune response in the virulence of several recombinants: the r1408-1412 and two recombinants, developed in the present study, harbouring mutations at positions 3073 and 3093 of RNA1 3’NCR to revert them to RGNNV-type. According to the correlation values and to the number of expressed genes, the infection with the RNA2-mutant provoked the most different immune response compared to the immune response triggered after the infection with the rest of the viruses, and the exclusive and high upregulation of genes related to the complement system. The infection with the RNA1-mutants also provoked a decrease in mortality and their replication was delayed at least 24 h compared to the wt160 replication, which could provoke the lag observed in the immune response. Furthermore, the infection with the RNA1-mutants provoked the exclusive expression of pkr and the downregulation of il17rc. MDPI 2021-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8621919/ /pubmed/34832544 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111388 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gémez-Mata, Juan
Souto, Sandra
Bandín, Isabel
Alonso, María del Carmen
Borrego, Juan José
Labella, Alejandro Manuel
García-Rosado, Esther
Immune Response of Senegalese Sole against Betanodavirus Mutants with Modified Virulence
title Immune Response of Senegalese Sole against Betanodavirus Mutants with Modified Virulence
title_full Immune Response of Senegalese Sole against Betanodavirus Mutants with Modified Virulence
title_fullStr Immune Response of Senegalese Sole against Betanodavirus Mutants with Modified Virulence
title_full_unstemmed Immune Response of Senegalese Sole against Betanodavirus Mutants with Modified Virulence
title_short Immune Response of Senegalese Sole against Betanodavirus Mutants with Modified Virulence
title_sort immune response of senegalese sole against betanodavirus mutants with modified virulence
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8621919/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34832544
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111388
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