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Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats
Astragalus extract mixture HT042 is a standardized functional food granted by the Korean FDA for promoting “Children’s Height Growth”. In this study, we determined whether HT042 affects circulatory Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) after administration and investigated whether Growth hormone (GH)...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8622163/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34828688 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8110975 |
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author | Lee, Donghun Kim, Byung-Hak Lee, Sung-Hyun Cho, Won-Young Kim, Young-Sik Kim, Hocheol |
author_facet | Lee, Donghun Kim, Byung-Hak Lee, Sung-Hyun Cho, Won-Young Kim, Young-Sik Kim, Hocheol |
author_sort | Lee, Donghun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Astragalus extract mixture HT042 is a standardized functional food granted by the Korean FDA for promoting “Children’s Height Growth”. In this study, we determined whether HT042 affects circulatory Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) after administration and investigated whether Growth hormone (GH), Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R), and Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) mRNAs are expressed in the pituitary, and whether Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and Somatostatin (SST) are expressed in the hypothalamus. We also evaluated the growth effect of HT042 on endochondral bone formation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats in the control and HT042 groups were orally administered a single dose of the control and HT042, respectively, and those in the recombinant human GH (rhGH) group were subcutaneously injected with rhGH. Tetracycline was injected intraperitoneally 72 h prior to sacrifice to decide endochondral bone formation. To determine the endocrine or paracrine/autocrine mechanism, we evaluated the expression of local BMP-2 and IGF-1, an immunohistochemical study after HT042 administration. It was confirmed that the growth-promoting effect of HT042 can be contributed to the increase in serum IGF-1, which can be stimulated by GH secretion. Administration of HT042 modulated the activity of GHRH-R and GHR-S in the pituitary gland and promoted GH secretion, thereby changing longitudinal growth through GH/IGF-1 mediation. Results for GHRH and SST expression demonstrated that the hypothalamus can be influenced and mediated by HT042 through a complex neuroendocrine regulatory system. In addition, it was confirmed by oral administration for 10 days that HT042 increased bone formation in cartilage, which is important for height growth. The effect of HT042 could be owing to upregulation of local Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and IGF-1 expression in the growth plate, which could be regarded as a GH-dependent autocrine/paracrine pathway, as well as circulatory IGF-1. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8622163 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86221632021-11-27 Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats Lee, Donghun Kim, Byung-Hak Lee, Sung-Hyun Cho, Won-Young Kim, Young-Sik Kim, Hocheol Children (Basel) Article Astragalus extract mixture HT042 is a standardized functional food granted by the Korean FDA for promoting “Children’s Height Growth”. In this study, we determined whether HT042 affects circulatory Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) after administration and investigated whether Growth hormone (GH), Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R), and Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) mRNAs are expressed in the pituitary, and whether Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and Somatostatin (SST) are expressed in the hypothalamus. We also evaluated the growth effect of HT042 on endochondral bone formation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats in the control and HT042 groups were orally administered a single dose of the control and HT042, respectively, and those in the recombinant human GH (rhGH) group were subcutaneously injected with rhGH. Tetracycline was injected intraperitoneally 72 h prior to sacrifice to decide endochondral bone formation. To determine the endocrine or paracrine/autocrine mechanism, we evaluated the expression of local BMP-2 and IGF-1, an immunohistochemical study after HT042 administration. It was confirmed that the growth-promoting effect of HT042 can be contributed to the increase in serum IGF-1, which can be stimulated by GH secretion. Administration of HT042 modulated the activity of GHRH-R and GHR-S in the pituitary gland and promoted GH secretion, thereby changing longitudinal growth through GH/IGF-1 mediation. Results for GHRH and SST expression demonstrated that the hypothalamus can be influenced and mediated by HT042 through a complex neuroendocrine regulatory system. In addition, it was confirmed by oral administration for 10 days that HT042 increased bone formation in cartilage, which is important for height growth. The effect of HT042 could be owing to upregulation of local Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and IGF-1 expression in the growth plate, which could be regarded as a GH-dependent autocrine/paracrine pathway, as well as circulatory IGF-1. MDPI 2021-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8622163/ /pubmed/34828688 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8110975 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lee, Donghun Kim, Byung-Hak Lee, Sung-Hyun Cho, Won-Young Kim, Young-Sik Kim, Hocheol Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats |
title | Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats |
title_full | Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats |
title_fullStr | Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats |
title_short | Effects of Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 on Circulating IGF-1 Level and Growth Hormone Axis in Rats |
title_sort | effects of astragalus extract mixture ht042 on circulating igf-1 level and growth hormone axis in rats |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8622163/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34828688 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8110975 |
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