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Microbiota in Health and Disease—Potential Clinical Applications

Within the last two decades tremendous efforts in biomedicine have been undertaken to understand the interplay of commensal bacteria living in and on our human body with our own human physiology. It became clear that (1) a high diversity especially of the microbial communities in the gut are importa...

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Autores principales: Laudes, Matthias, Geisler, Corinna, Rohmann, Nathalie, Bouwman, Jildau, Pischon, Tobias, Schlicht, Kristina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8622281/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34836121
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113866
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author Laudes, Matthias
Geisler, Corinna
Rohmann, Nathalie
Bouwman, Jildau
Pischon, Tobias
Schlicht, Kristina
author_facet Laudes, Matthias
Geisler, Corinna
Rohmann, Nathalie
Bouwman, Jildau
Pischon, Tobias
Schlicht, Kristina
author_sort Laudes, Matthias
collection PubMed
description Within the last two decades tremendous efforts in biomedicine have been undertaken to understand the interplay of commensal bacteria living in and on our human body with our own human physiology. It became clear that (1) a high diversity especially of the microbial communities in the gut are important to preserve health and that (2) certain bacteria via nutrition-microbe-host metabolic axes are beneficially affecting various functions of the host, including metabolic control, energy balance and immune function. While a large set of evidence indicate a special role for small chain fatty acids (SCFA) in that context, recently also metabolites of amino acids (e.g., tryptophan and arginine) moved into scientific attention. Of interest, microbiome alterations are not only important in nutrition associated diseases like obesity and diabetes, but also in many chronic inflammatory, oncological and neurological abnormalities. From a clinician’s point of view, it should be mentioned, that the microbiome is not only interesting to develop novel therapies, but also as a modifiable factor to improve efficiency of modern pharmaceutics, e.g., immune-therapeutics in oncology. However, so far, most data rely on animal experiments or human association studies, whereas controlled clinical intervention studies are spare. Hence, the translation of the knowledge of the last decades into clinical routine will be the challenge of microbiome based biomedical research for the next years. This review aims to provide examples for future clinical applications in various entities and to suggest bacterial species and/or microbial effector molecules as potential targets for intervention studies.
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spelling pubmed-86222812021-11-27 Microbiota in Health and Disease—Potential Clinical Applications Laudes, Matthias Geisler, Corinna Rohmann, Nathalie Bouwman, Jildau Pischon, Tobias Schlicht, Kristina Nutrients Review Within the last two decades tremendous efforts in biomedicine have been undertaken to understand the interplay of commensal bacteria living in and on our human body with our own human physiology. It became clear that (1) a high diversity especially of the microbial communities in the gut are important to preserve health and that (2) certain bacteria via nutrition-microbe-host metabolic axes are beneficially affecting various functions of the host, including metabolic control, energy balance and immune function. While a large set of evidence indicate a special role for small chain fatty acids (SCFA) in that context, recently also metabolites of amino acids (e.g., tryptophan and arginine) moved into scientific attention. Of interest, microbiome alterations are not only important in nutrition associated diseases like obesity and diabetes, but also in many chronic inflammatory, oncological and neurological abnormalities. From a clinician’s point of view, it should be mentioned, that the microbiome is not only interesting to develop novel therapies, but also as a modifiable factor to improve efficiency of modern pharmaceutics, e.g., immune-therapeutics in oncology. However, so far, most data rely on animal experiments or human association studies, whereas controlled clinical intervention studies are spare. Hence, the translation of the knowledge of the last decades into clinical routine will be the challenge of microbiome based biomedical research for the next years. This review aims to provide examples for future clinical applications in various entities and to suggest bacterial species and/or microbial effector molecules as potential targets for intervention studies. MDPI 2021-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8622281/ /pubmed/34836121 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113866 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Laudes, Matthias
Geisler, Corinna
Rohmann, Nathalie
Bouwman, Jildau
Pischon, Tobias
Schlicht, Kristina
Microbiota in Health and Disease—Potential Clinical Applications
title Microbiota in Health and Disease—Potential Clinical Applications
title_full Microbiota in Health and Disease—Potential Clinical Applications
title_fullStr Microbiota in Health and Disease—Potential Clinical Applications
title_full_unstemmed Microbiota in Health and Disease—Potential Clinical Applications
title_short Microbiota in Health and Disease—Potential Clinical Applications
title_sort microbiota in health and disease—potential clinical applications
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8622281/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34836121
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113866
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