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Study on the Role of the Common House Fly, Musca domestica, in the Spread of ORF Virus (Poxviridae) DNA under Laboratory Conditions

ORF virus (Poxviridae) is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma (soremouth), a disease primarily affecting sheep and goats worldwide, but also humans exposed to disease-ridden animals. Pathogens are shed with scabs, and infection mainly occurs by direct contact. Although the disease is relativel...

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Autores principales: Raele, Donato Antonio, Stoffolano, John G., Vasco, Ilaria, Pennuzzi, Germana, Nardella La Porta, Maria Concetta, Cafiero, Maria Assunta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8623399/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34835311
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112185
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author Raele, Donato Antonio
Stoffolano, John G.
Vasco, Ilaria
Pennuzzi, Germana
Nardella La Porta, Maria Concetta
Cafiero, Maria Assunta
author_facet Raele, Donato Antonio
Stoffolano, John G.
Vasco, Ilaria
Pennuzzi, Germana
Nardella La Porta, Maria Concetta
Cafiero, Maria Assunta
author_sort Raele, Donato Antonio
collection PubMed
description ORF virus (Poxviridae) is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma (soremouth), a disease primarily affecting sheep and goats worldwide, but also humans exposed to disease-ridden animals. Pathogens are shed with scabs, and infection mainly occurs by direct contact. Although the disease is relatively benign and self-limiting, the morbidity rate is high in livestock with subsequent significant financial and economic impact. The aim of the study was to experimentally investigate the potential for the housefly, Musca domestica, to act as a mechanical vector of the virus. Homogenate of crusted scabs from ORFV-positive sheep (Italy, Apulia) were used to infect laboratory-reared flies. Flies walking on viral mixture and flies inoculated on their wings were individually placed in Falcon tubes and the ORFV DNA was searched by PCR on tube walls; flies were fed on the same homogenized crusts and their crop and spots (vomit and feces) molecularly examined for ORF DNA at 2, 4, and 6 h. All of the flies (100%) used in the experiments were able to pick up and transmit the viral genome to contact surfaces; 60% were found ORF virus (DNA)-positive in both spots and crop. These results suggest that M. domestica could play a role as potential mechanical vector and/or reservoir in the epidemiology of the ORF virus infection. Thus, house fly management should be considered in the measures to control the disease in ovine–caprine farms.
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spelling pubmed-86233992021-11-27 Study on the Role of the Common House Fly, Musca domestica, in the Spread of ORF Virus (Poxviridae) DNA under Laboratory Conditions Raele, Donato Antonio Stoffolano, John G. Vasco, Ilaria Pennuzzi, Germana Nardella La Porta, Maria Concetta Cafiero, Maria Assunta Microorganisms Article ORF virus (Poxviridae) is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma (soremouth), a disease primarily affecting sheep and goats worldwide, but also humans exposed to disease-ridden animals. Pathogens are shed with scabs, and infection mainly occurs by direct contact. Although the disease is relatively benign and self-limiting, the morbidity rate is high in livestock with subsequent significant financial and economic impact. The aim of the study was to experimentally investigate the potential for the housefly, Musca domestica, to act as a mechanical vector of the virus. Homogenate of crusted scabs from ORFV-positive sheep (Italy, Apulia) were used to infect laboratory-reared flies. Flies walking on viral mixture and flies inoculated on their wings were individually placed in Falcon tubes and the ORFV DNA was searched by PCR on tube walls; flies were fed on the same homogenized crusts and their crop and spots (vomit and feces) molecularly examined for ORF DNA at 2, 4, and 6 h. All of the flies (100%) used in the experiments were able to pick up and transmit the viral genome to contact surfaces; 60% were found ORF virus (DNA)-positive in both spots and crop. These results suggest that M. domestica could play a role as potential mechanical vector and/or reservoir in the epidemiology of the ORF virus infection. Thus, house fly management should be considered in the measures to control the disease in ovine–caprine farms. MDPI 2021-10-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8623399/ /pubmed/34835311 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112185 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Raele, Donato Antonio
Stoffolano, John G.
Vasco, Ilaria
Pennuzzi, Germana
Nardella La Porta, Maria Concetta
Cafiero, Maria Assunta
Study on the Role of the Common House Fly, Musca domestica, in the Spread of ORF Virus (Poxviridae) DNA under Laboratory Conditions
title Study on the Role of the Common House Fly, Musca domestica, in the Spread of ORF Virus (Poxviridae) DNA under Laboratory Conditions
title_full Study on the Role of the Common House Fly, Musca domestica, in the Spread of ORF Virus (Poxviridae) DNA under Laboratory Conditions
title_fullStr Study on the Role of the Common House Fly, Musca domestica, in the Spread of ORF Virus (Poxviridae) DNA under Laboratory Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Study on the Role of the Common House Fly, Musca domestica, in the Spread of ORF Virus (Poxviridae) DNA under Laboratory Conditions
title_short Study on the Role of the Common House Fly, Musca domestica, in the Spread of ORF Virus (Poxviridae) DNA under Laboratory Conditions
title_sort study on the role of the common house fly, musca domestica, in the spread of orf virus (poxviridae) dna under laboratory conditions
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8623399/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34835311
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112185
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