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Non-Invasive Analysis of Human Liver Metabolism by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
The liver is a key node of whole-body nutrient and fuel metabolism and is also the principal site for detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. As such, hepatic metabolite concentrations and/or turnover rates inform on the status of both hepatic and systemic metabolic diseases as well as the dispositi...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8623827/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34822409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110751 |
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author | Jones, John G. |
author_facet | Jones, John G. |
author_sort | Jones, John G. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The liver is a key node of whole-body nutrient and fuel metabolism and is also the principal site for detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. As such, hepatic metabolite concentrations and/or turnover rates inform on the status of both hepatic and systemic metabolic diseases as well as the disposition of medications. As a tool to better understand liver metabolism in these settings, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a non-invasive means of monitoring hepatic metabolic activity in real time both by direct observation of concentrations and dynamics of specific metabolites as well as by observation of their enrichment by stable isotope tracers. This review summarizes the applications and advances in human liver metabolic studies by in vivo MRS over the past 35 years and discusses future directions and opportunities that will be opened by the development of ultra-high field MR systems and by hyperpolarized stable isotope tracers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8623827 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86238272021-11-27 Non-Invasive Analysis of Human Liver Metabolism by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Jones, John G. Metabolites Review The liver is a key node of whole-body nutrient and fuel metabolism and is also the principal site for detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. As such, hepatic metabolite concentrations and/or turnover rates inform on the status of both hepatic and systemic metabolic diseases as well as the disposition of medications. As a tool to better understand liver metabolism in these settings, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a non-invasive means of monitoring hepatic metabolic activity in real time both by direct observation of concentrations and dynamics of specific metabolites as well as by observation of their enrichment by stable isotope tracers. This review summarizes the applications and advances in human liver metabolic studies by in vivo MRS over the past 35 years and discusses future directions and opportunities that will be opened by the development of ultra-high field MR systems and by hyperpolarized stable isotope tracers. MDPI 2021-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8623827/ /pubmed/34822409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110751 Text en © 2021 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Jones, John G. Non-Invasive Analysis of Human Liver Metabolism by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy |
title | Non-Invasive Analysis of Human Liver Metabolism by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy |
title_full | Non-Invasive Analysis of Human Liver Metabolism by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy |
title_fullStr | Non-Invasive Analysis of Human Liver Metabolism by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy |
title_full_unstemmed | Non-Invasive Analysis of Human Liver Metabolism by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy |
title_short | Non-Invasive Analysis of Human Liver Metabolism by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy |
title_sort | non-invasive analysis of human liver metabolism by magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8623827/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34822409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110751 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT jonesjohng noninvasiveanalysisofhumanlivermetabolismbymagneticresonancespectroscopy |