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(Semi-)Automatically Parsing Private Protocols for In-Vehicle ECU Communications
In-vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) communications generally count on private protocols (defined by the manufacturers) under controller area network (CAN) specifications. Parsing the private protocols for a particular vehicle model would be of great significance in testing the vehicle’s resista...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8623853/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34828193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111495 |
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author | Chen, Tongtong Li, Xiangxue |
author_facet | Chen, Tongtong Li, Xiangxue |
author_sort | Chen, Tongtong |
collection | PubMed |
description | In-vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) communications generally count on private protocols (defined by the manufacturers) under controller area network (CAN) specifications. Parsing the private protocols for a particular vehicle model would be of great significance in testing the vehicle’s resistance to various attacks, as well as in designing efficient intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) for the vehicle. This paper proposes a suite of methods for parsing ECU private protocols on in-vehicle CAN network. These methods include an algorithm for parsing discrete variables (encoded in a discrete manner, e.g., gear state), an algorithm for parsing continuous variables (encoded in a continuous manner, e.g., vehicle speed), and a parsing method based on upper-layer protocols (e.g., OBD and UDS). Extensive verifications have been performed on five different brands of automobiles (including an electric vehicle) to demonstrate the universality and the correctness of these parsing algorithms. Some parsing tips and experiences are also presented. Our continuous-variables parsing algorithm could run in a semi-automatic manner and the parsing algorithm from upper-layer protocols could execute in a completely automatic manner. One might view the results obtained by our parsing algorithms as an important indicator of penetration testing on in-vehicle CAN network. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8623853 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86238532021-11-27 (Semi-)Automatically Parsing Private Protocols for In-Vehicle ECU Communications Chen, Tongtong Li, Xiangxue Entropy (Basel) Article In-vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) communications generally count on private protocols (defined by the manufacturers) under controller area network (CAN) specifications. Parsing the private protocols for a particular vehicle model would be of great significance in testing the vehicle’s resistance to various attacks, as well as in designing efficient intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) for the vehicle. This paper proposes a suite of methods for parsing ECU private protocols on in-vehicle CAN network. These methods include an algorithm for parsing discrete variables (encoded in a discrete manner, e.g., gear state), an algorithm for parsing continuous variables (encoded in a continuous manner, e.g., vehicle speed), and a parsing method based on upper-layer protocols (e.g., OBD and UDS). Extensive verifications have been performed on five different brands of automobiles (including an electric vehicle) to demonstrate the universality and the correctness of these parsing algorithms. Some parsing tips and experiences are also presented. Our continuous-variables parsing algorithm could run in a semi-automatic manner and the parsing algorithm from upper-layer protocols could execute in a completely automatic manner. One might view the results obtained by our parsing algorithms as an important indicator of penetration testing on in-vehicle CAN network. MDPI 2021-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8623853/ /pubmed/34828193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111495 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Chen, Tongtong Li, Xiangxue (Semi-)Automatically Parsing Private Protocols for In-Vehicle ECU Communications |
title | (Semi-)Automatically Parsing Private Protocols for In-Vehicle ECU Communications |
title_full | (Semi-)Automatically Parsing Private Protocols for In-Vehicle ECU Communications |
title_fullStr | (Semi-)Automatically Parsing Private Protocols for In-Vehicle ECU Communications |
title_full_unstemmed | (Semi-)Automatically Parsing Private Protocols for In-Vehicle ECU Communications |
title_short | (Semi-)Automatically Parsing Private Protocols for In-Vehicle ECU Communications |
title_sort | (semi-)automatically parsing private protocols for in-vehicle ecu communications |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8623853/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34828193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111495 |
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