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Rethinking Carbohydrate Intake and Time in Range in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between macronutrient intake and time in range (TIR) of 70–180 mg/dL in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). A multi-center study recruited patients with T1D using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) between January 2019 and Janua...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8624203/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34836124 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113869 |
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author | Cherubini, Valentino Marino, Monica Marigliano, Marco Maffeis, Claudio Zanfardino, Angela Rabbone, Ivana Giorda, Sara Schiaffini, Riccardo Lorubbio, Antonella Rollato, Serena Iannilli, Antonio Iafusco, Dario Scaramuzza, Andrea E. Bowers, Renee Gesuita, Rosaria |
author_facet | Cherubini, Valentino Marino, Monica Marigliano, Marco Maffeis, Claudio Zanfardino, Angela Rabbone, Ivana Giorda, Sara Schiaffini, Riccardo Lorubbio, Antonella Rollato, Serena Iannilli, Antonio Iafusco, Dario Scaramuzza, Andrea E. Bowers, Renee Gesuita, Rosaria |
author_sort | Cherubini, Valentino |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between macronutrient intake and time in range (TIR) of 70–180 mg/dL in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). A multi-center study recruited patients with T1D using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) between January 2019 and January 2020 from centers across Italy. Diet intake was recorded using three-day weighed food diaries. Nutrients were evaluated as percentages of total intake. TIR was considered at target if the percentage of readings was higher than 70%. Clinical and nutritional factors associated with TIR at target were analyzed using multiple correspondence analysis and multiple logistic regression. Data from 197 participants (53% male, median age 11.6 years, median HbA1c 55.2 mmol/mol, median TIR 60%) were analyzed. Macronutrient intake was 45.9% carbohydrates, 16.9% protein, 37.3% fat, and 13.1 g/day fiber (median values). TIR > 70% was observed in 28% of participants; their diet contained more protein (17.6%, p = 0.015) and fiber (14.4 g/day, p = 0.031) than those not at target. The probability of having a TIR > 70% was significantly higher with 40–44% consumption of carbohydrates compared with 45–50% consumption of carbohydrates and with the use of a carbohydrate counting system. Based on these results, a five percent reduction in the percentage of carbohydrate intake can help children and adolescents with T1D achieve the goal of a TIR > 70%. Both a lower and higher percentage of carbohydrate intake appears to reduce the probability of reaching the target TIR > 70%. These results require validation in other populations before being used in clinical practice. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8624203 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86242032021-11-27 Rethinking Carbohydrate Intake and Time in Range in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Cherubini, Valentino Marino, Monica Marigliano, Marco Maffeis, Claudio Zanfardino, Angela Rabbone, Ivana Giorda, Sara Schiaffini, Riccardo Lorubbio, Antonella Rollato, Serena Iannilli, Antonio Iafusco, Dario Scaramuzza, Andrea E. Bowers, Renee Gesuita, Rosaria Nutrients Article The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between macronutrient intake and time in range (TIR) of 70–180 mg/dL in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). A multi-center study recruited patients with T1D using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) between January 2019 and January 2020 from centers across Italy. Diet intake was recorded using three-day weighed food diaries. Nutrients were evaluated as percentages of total intake. TIR was considered at target if the percentage of readings was higher than 70%. Clinical and nutritional factors associated with TIR at target were analyzed using multiple correspondence analysis and multiple logistic regression. Data from 197 participants (53% male, median age 11.6 years, median HbA1c 55.2 mmol/mol, median TIR 60%) were analyzed. Macronutrient intake was 45.9% carbohydrates, 16.9% protein, 37.3% fat, and 13.1 g/day fiber (median values). TIR > 70% was observed in 28% of participants; their diet contained more protein (17.6%, p = 0.015) and fiber (14.4 g/day, p = 0.031) than those not at target. The probability of having a TIR > 70% was significantly higher with 40–44% consumption of carbohydrates compared with 45–50% consumption of carbohydrates and with the use of a carbohydrate counting system. Based on these results, a five percent reduction in the percentage of carbohydrate intake can help children and adolescents with T1D achieve the goal of a TIR > 70%. Both a lower and higher percentage of carbohydrate intake appears to reduce the probability of reaching the target TIR > 70%. These results require validation in other populations before being used in clinical practice. MDPI 2021-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8624203/ /pubmed/34836124 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113869 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Cherubini, Valentino Marino, Monica Marigliano, Marco Maffeis, Claudio Zanfardino, Angela Rabbone, Ivana Giorda, Sara Schiaffini, Riccardo Lorubbio, Antonella Rollato, Serena Iannilli, Antonio Iafusco, Dario Scaramuzza, Andrea E. Bowers, Renee Gesuita, Rosaria Rethinking Carbohydrate Intake and Time in Range in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes |
title | Rethinking Carbohydrate Intake and Time in Range in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes |
title_full | Rethinking Carbohydrate Intake and Time in Range in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes |
title_fullStr | Rethinking Carbohydrate Intake and Time in Range in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes |
title_full_unstemmed | Rethinking Carbohydrate Intake and Time in Range in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes |
title_short | Rethinking Carbohydrate Intake and Time in Range in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes |
title_sort | rethinking carbohydrate intake and time in range in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8624203/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34836124 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113869 |
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