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Evolution of the Early Spliceosomal Complex—From Constitutive to Regulated Splicing

Pre-mRNA splicing is a major process in the regulated expression of genes in eukaryotes, and alternative splicing is used to generate different proteins from the same coding gene. Splicing is a catalytic process that removes introns and ligates exons to create the RNA sequence that codifies the fina...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Borao, Sonia, Ayté, José, Hümmer, Stefan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8624252/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34830325
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212444
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author Borao, Sonia
Ayté, José
Hümmer, Stefan
author_facet Borao, Sonia
Ayté, José
Hümmer, Stefan
author_sort Borao, Sonia
collection PubMed
description Pre-mRNA splicing is a major process in the regulated expression of genes in eukaryotes, and alternative splicing is used to generate different proteins from the same coding gene. Splicing is a catalytic process that removes introns and ligates exons to create the RNA sequence that codifies the final protein. While this is achieved in an autocatalytic process in ancestral group II introns in prokaryotes, the spliceosome has evolved during eukaryogenesis to assist in this process and to finally provide the opportunity for intron-specific splicing. In the early stage of splicing, the RNA 5′ and 3′ splice sites must be brought within proximity to correctly assemble the active spliceosome and perform the excision and ligation reactions. The assembly of this first complex, termed E-complex, is currently the least understood process. We focused in this review on the formation of the E-complex and compared its composition and function in three different organisms. We highlight the common ancestral mechanisms in S. cerevisiae, S. pombe, and mammals and conclude with a unifying model for intron definition in constitutive and regulated co-transcriptional splicing.
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spelling pubmed-86242522021-11-27 Evolution of the Early Spliceosomal Complex—From Constitutive to Regulated Splicing Borao, Sonia Ayté, José Hümmer, Stefan Int J Mol Sci Review Pre-mRNA splicing is a major process in the regulated expression of genes in eukaryotes, and alternative splicing is used to generate different proteins from the same coding gene. Splicing is a catalytic process that removes introns and ligates exons to create the RNA sequence that codifies the final protein. While this is achieved in an autocatalytic process in ancestral group II introns in prokaryotes, the spliceosome has evolved during eukaryogenesis to assist in this process and to finally provide the opportunity for intron-specific splicing. In the early stage of splicing, the RNA 5′ and 3′ splice sites must be brought within proximity to correctly assemble the active spliceosome and perform the excision and ligation reactions. The assembly of this first complex, termed E-complex, is currently the least understood process. We focused in this review on the formation of the E-complex and compared its composition and function in three different organisms. We highlight the common ancestral mechanisms in S. cerevisiae, S. pombe, and mammals and conclude with a unifying model for intron definition in constitutive and regulated co-transcriptional splicing. MDPI 2021-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8624252/ /pubmed/34830325 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212444 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Borao, Sonia
Ayté, José
Hümmer, Stefan
Evolution of the Early Spliceosomal Complex—From Constitutive to Regulated Splicing
title Evolution of the Early Spliceosomal Complex—From Constitutive to Regulated Splicing
title_full Evolution of the Early Spliceosomal Complex—From Constitutive to Regulated Splicing
title_fullStr Evolution of the Early Spliceosomal Complex—From Constitutive to Regulated Splicing
title_full_unstemmed Evolution of the Early Spliceosomal Complex—From Constitutive to Regulated Splicing
title_short Evolution of the Early Spliceosomal Complex—From Constitutive to Regulated Splicing
title_sort evolution of the early spliceosomal complex—from constitutive to regulated splicing
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8624252/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34830325
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212444
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