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Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of Carissa Species: An Updated Review
Carissa, a genus of the Apocynaceae family, consists of evergreen species, such as shrubs as well as small trees that are native to Asia, Africa, and Oceania’s subtropical and tropical regions. Most of the Carissa species are traditionally used to treat various diseases, such as chest pain, headache...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8624575/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34834102 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26227010 |
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author | Dhatwalia, Jyoti Kumari, Amita Verma, Rachna Upadhyay, Navneet Guleria, Ishita Lal, Sohan Thakur, Shabnam Gudeta, Kasahun Kumar, Vikas Chao, Jane C.-J. Sharma, Somesh Kumar, Ashwani Manicum, Amanda-Lee Ezra Lorenzo, José M. Amarowicz, Ryszard |
author_facet | Dhatwalia, Jyoti Kumari, Amita Verma, Rachna Upadhyay, Navneet Guleria, Ishita Lal, Sohan Thakur, Shabnam Gudeta, Kasahun Kumar, Vikas Chao, Jane C.-J. Sharma, Somesh Kumar, Ashwani Manicum, Amanda-Lee Ezra Lorenzo, José M. Amarowicz, Ryszard |
author_sort | Dhatwalia, Jyoti |
collection | PubMed |
description | Carissa, a genus of the Apocynaceae family, consists of evergreen species, such as shrubs as well as small trees that are native to Asia, Africa, and Oceania’s subtropical and tropical regions. Most of the Carissa species are traditionally used to treat various diseases, such as chest pain, headaches, gonorrhoea, rheumatism, syphilis, oedema, rabies, stomach pain, hepatitis, cardiac diseases, and asthma. The pharmacological studies on Carissa species revealed its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, antipyretic, analgesic, wound healing, anticonvulsant, antiarthritic, adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities, thus validating its use in indigenous medicine systems. The review article summarised the comprehensive literature available, including morphology, indigenous uses, bioactive composition, nutraceutical, and pharmacological activities of Carissa species. A total of 155 research papers were cited in this review article. The Carissa fruits are rich in dietary fibre, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamin C, and macro- and micro-elements. A total of 121 compounds (35 polyphenols (flavonoids and phenolic acids), 30 lignans, 41 terpenoids, 7 steroids, 2 coumarins, and 6 cardiac glycosides) have been extracted from C. spinarum, C. carandas, and C. macrocarpa. Among all chemical constituents, lupeol, carissol, naringin, carisssone, scopoletin, carissaeduloside A, D, J, carandinol, sarhamnoloside, carissanol, olivil, carinol, 3β-hydroxyolean-11-en-28,13β-oilde, ursolic acid, and carissone are the key bioactive constituents responsible for pharmacological activities of genus Carissa. The gathered ethnopharmacological information in the review will help to understand the therapeutic relevance of Carissa as well as paving a way for further exploration in the discovery of novel plant-based drugs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8624575 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86245752021-11-27 Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of Carissa Species: An Updated Review Dhatwalia, Jyoti Kumari, Amita Verma, Rachna Upadhyay, Navneet Guleria, Ishita Lal, Sohan Thakur, Shabnam Gudeta, Kasahun Kumar, Vikas Chao, Jane C.-J. Sharma, Somesh Kumar, Ashwani Manicum, Amanda-Lee Ezra Lorenzo, José M. Amarowicz, Ryszard Molecules Review Carissa, a genus of the Apocynaceae family, consists of evergreen species, such as shrubs as well as small trees that are native to Asia, Africa, and Oceania’s subtropical and tropical regions. Most of the Carissa species are traditionally used to treat various diseases, such as chest pain, headaches, gonorrhoea, rheumatism, syphilis, oedema, rabies, stomach pain, hepatitis, cardiac diseases, and asthma. The pharmacological studies on Carissa species revealed its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, antipyretic, analgesic, wound healing, anticonvulsant, antiarthritic, adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities, thus validating its use in indigenous medicine systems. The review article summarised the comprehensive literature available, including morphology, indigenous uses, bioactive composition, nutraceutical, and pharmacological activities of Carissa species. A total of 155 research papers were cited in this review article. The Carissa fruits are rich in dietary fibre, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamin C, and macro- and micro-elements. A total of 121 compounds (35 polyphenols (flavonoids and phenolic acids), 30 lignans, 41 terpenoids, 7 steroids, 2 coumarins, and 6 cardiac glycosides) have been extracted from C. spinarum, C. carandas, and C. macrocarpa. Among all chemical constituents, lupeol, carissol, naringin, carisssone, scopoletin, carissaeduloside A, D, J, carandinol, sarhamnoloside, carissanol, olivil, carinol, 3β-hydroxyolean-11-en-28,13β-oilde, ursolic acid, and carissone are the key bioactive constituents responsible for pharmacological activities of genus Carissa. The gathered ethnopharmacological information in the review will help to understand the therapeutic relevance of Carissa as well as paving a way for further exploration in the discovery of novel plant-based drugs. MDPI 2021-11-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8624575/ /pubmed/34834102 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26227010 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Dhatwalia, Jyoti Kumari, Amita Verma, Rachna Upadhyay, Navneet Guleria, Ishita Lal, Sohan Thakur, Shabnam Gudeta, Kasahun Kumar, Vikas Chao, Jane C.-J. Sharma, Somesh Kumar, Ashwani Manicum, Amanda-Lee Ezra Lorenzo, José M. Amarowicz, Ryszard Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of Carissa Species: An Updated Review |
title | Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of Carissa Species: An Updated Review |
title_full | Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of Carissa Species: An Updated Review |
title_fullStr | Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of Carissa Species: An Updated Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of Carissa Species: An Updated Review |
title_short | Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of Carissa Species: An Updated Review |
title_sort | phytochemistry, pharmacology, and nutraceutical profile of carissa species: an updated review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8624575/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34834102 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26227010 |
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