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Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Micronutrients are fundamental for healthy brain development and deficiencies during early development can have a severe and lasting impact on cognitive outcomes. Evidence indicates that undernourished lactating individuals may produce breast milk containing lower concentrations of certain vitamins...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8624933/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34836103 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113848 |
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author | Lockyer, Francesca McCann, Samantha Moore, Sophie E. |
author_facet | Lockyer, Francesca McCann, Samantha Moore, Sophie E. |
author_sort | Lockyer, Francesca |
collection | PubMed |
description | Micronutrients are fundamental for healthy brain development and deficiencies during early development can have a severe and lasting impact on cognitive outcomes. Evidence indicates that undernourished lactating individuals may produce breast milk containing lower concentrations of certain vitamins and minerals. Exclusively breastfed infants born to mothers deficient in micronutrients may therefore be at risk of micronutrient deficiencies, with potential implications for neurodevelopment. This systematic review aims to consider current knowledge on the effects of breast milk micronutrients on the developmental outcomes of infants. The databases Medline, Global Health, PsychInfo, Open Grey, and the Web of Science were searched for papers published before February 2021. Studies were included if they measured micronutrients in breast milk and their association with the neurodevelopmental outcomes of exclusively breastfed infants. Also, randomised control trials investigating neurocognitive outcomes following maternal supplementation during lactation were sought. From 5477 initial results, three observational studies were eligible for inclusion. These investigated associations between breast milk levels of vitamin B6, carotenoids, or selenium and infant development. Results presented suggest that pyroxidal, β-carotene, and lycopene are associated with infant neurodevelopmental outcomes. Limited eligible literature and heterogeneity between included papers prevented quantitative synthesis. Insufficient evidence was identified, precluding any conclusions on the relationship between breast milk micronutrients and infant developmental outcomes. Further, the evidence available was limited by a high risk of bias. This highlights the need for further research in this area to understand the long-term influence of micronutrients in breast milk, the role of other breast milk micronutrients in infant neurodevelopmental outcomes, and the impact of possible lactational interventions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8624933 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86249332021-11-27 Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review Lockyer, Francesca McCann, Samantha Moore, Sophie E. Nutrients Review Micronutrients are fundamental for healthy brain development and deficiencies during early development can have a severe and lasting impact on cognitive outcomes. Evidence indicates that undernourished lactating individuals may produce breast milk containing lower concentrations of certain vitamins and minerals. Exclusively breastfed infants born to mothers deficient in micronutrients may therefore be at risk of micronutrient deficiencies, with potential implications for neurodevelopment. This systematic review aims to consider current knowledge on the effects of breast milk micronutrients on the developmental outcomes of infants. The databases Medline, Global Health, PsychInfo, Open Grey, and the Web of Science were searched for papers published before February 2021. Studies were included if they measured micronutrients in breast milk and their association with the neurodevelopmental outcomes of exclusively breastfed infants. Also, randomised control trials investigating neurocognitive outcomes following maternal supplementation during lactation were sought. From 5477 initial results, three observational studies were eligible for inclusion. These investigated associations between breast milk levels of vitamin B6, carotenoids, or selenium and infant development. Results presented suggest that pyroxidal, β-carotene, and lycopene are associated with infant neurodevelopmental outcomes. Limited eligible literature and heterogeneity between included papers prevented quantitative synthesis. Insufficient evidence was identified, precluding any conclusions on the relationship between breast milk micronutrients and infant developmental outcomes. Further, the evidence available was limited by a high risk of bias. This highlights the need for further research in this area to understand the long-term influence of micronutrients in breast milk, the role of other breast milk micronutrients in infant neurodevelopmental outcomes, and the impact of possible lactational interventions. MDPI 2021-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8624933/ /pubmed/34836103 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113848 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Lockyer, Francesca McCann, Samantha Moore, Sophie E. Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review |
title | Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review |
title_full | Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review |
title_fullStr | Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review |
title_short | Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review |
title_sort | breast milk micronutrients and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8624933/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34836103 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113848 |
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