Cargando…
Thermal and Flame Retardant Behavior of Neem and Banyan Fibers When Reinforced with a Bran Particulate Epoxy Hybrid Composite
Awareness of environmental concerns influences researchers to develop an alternative method of developing natural fiber composite materials, to reduce the consumption of synthetic fibers. This research attempted testing the neem (Azadirachta indica) fiber and the banyan (Ficus benghalensis) fiber at...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8624988/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34833158 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223859 |
_version_ | 1784606307919069184 |
---|---|
author | Raja, Thandavamoorthy Mohanavel, Vinayagam Sathish, Thanikodi Djearamane, Sinouvassane Velmurugan, Palanivel Karthick, Alagar Nasif, Omaima Alfarraj, Saleh Shing Wong, Ling Sureshkumar, Shanmugam Ravichandran, Manikkam |
author_facet | Raja, Thandavamoorthy Mohanavel, Vinayagam Sathish, Thanikodi Djearamane, Sinouvassane Velmurugan, Palanivel Karthick, Alagar Nasif, Omaima Alfarraj, Saleh Shing Wong, Ling Sureshkumar, Shanmugam Ravichandran, Manikkam |
author_sort | Raja, Thandavamoorthy |
collection | PubMed |
description | Awareness of environmental concerns influences researchers to develop an alternative method of developing natural fiber composite materials, to reduce the consumption of synthetic fibers. This research attempted testing the neem (Azadirachta indica) fiber and the banyan (Ficus benghalensis) fiber at different weight fractions, under flame retardant and thermal testing, in the interest of manufacturing efficient products and parts in real-time applications. The hybrid composite consists of 25% fiber reinforcement, 70% matrix material, and 5% bran filler. Their thermal properties—short-term heat deflection, temperature, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion—were used to quantify the effect of potential epoxy composites. Although natural composite materials are widely utilized, their uses are limited since many of them are combustible. As a result, there has been a lot of focus on making them flame resistant. The thermal analysis revealed the sample B was given 26% more short-term heat resistance when the presence of banyan fiber loading is maximum. The maximum heat deflection temperature occurred in sample A (104.5 °C) and sample B (99.2 °C), which shows a 36% greater thermal expansion compared with chopped neem fiber loading. In sample F, an increased chopped neem fiber weight fraction gave a 40% higher thermal conductivity, when compared to increasing the bidirectional banyan mat of this hybrid composite. The maximum flame retardant capacity occurred in samples A and B, with endurance up to 12.9 and 11.8 min during the flame test of the hybrid composites. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8624988 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86249882021-11-27 Thermal and Flame Retardant Behavior of Neem and Banyan Fibers When Reinforced with a Bran Particulate Epoxy Hybrid Composite Raja, Thandavamoorthy Mohanavel, Vinayagam Sathish, Thanikodi Djearamane, Sinouvassane Velmurugan, Palanivel Karthick, Alagar Nasif, Omaima Alfarraj, Saleh Shing Wong, Ling Sureshkumar, Shanmugam Ravichandran, Manikkam Polymers (Basel) Article Awareness of environmental concerns influences researchers to develop an alternative method of developing natural fiber composite materials, to reduce the consumption of synthetic fibers. This research attempted testing the neem (Azadirachta indica) fiber and the banyan (Ficus benghalensis) fiber at different weight fractions, under flame retardant and thermal testing, in the interest of manufacturing efficient products and parts in real-time applications. The hybrid composite consists of 25% fiber reinforcement, 70% matrix material, and 5% bran filler. Their thermal properties—short-term heat deflection, temperature, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion—were used to quantify the effect of potential epoxy composites. Although natural composite materials are widely utilized, their uses are limited since many of them are combustible. As a result, there has been a lot of focus on making them flame resistant. The thermal analysis revealed the sample B was given 26% more short-term heat resistance when the presence of banyan fiber loading is maximum. The maximum heat deflection temperature occurred in sample A (104.5 °C) and sample B (99.2 °C), which shows a 36% greater thermal expansion compared with chopped neem fiber loading. In sample F, an increased chopped neem fiber weight fraction gave a 40% higher thermal conductivity, when compared to increasing the bidirectional banyan mat of this hybrid composite. The maximum flame retardant capacity occurred in samples A and B, with endurance up to 12.9 and 11.8 min during the flame test of the hybrid composites. MDPI 2021-11-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8624988/ /pubmed/34833158 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223859 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Raja, Thandavamoorthy Mohanavel, Vinayagam Sathish, Thanikodi Djearamane, Sinouvassane Velmurugan, Palanivel Karthick, Alagar Nasif, Omaima Alfarraj, Saleh Shing Wong, Ling Sureshkumar, Shanmugam Ravichandran, Manikkam Thermal and Flame Retardant Behavior of Neem and Banyan Fibers When Reinforced with a Bran Particulate Epoxy Hybrid Composite |
title | Thermal and Flame Retardant Behavior of Neem and Banyan Fibers When Reinforced with a Bran Particulate Epoxy Hybrid Composite |
title_full | Thermal and Flame Retardant Behavior of Neem and Banyan Fibers When Reinforced with a Bran Particulate Epoxy Hybrid Composite |
title_fullStr | Thermal and Flame Retardant Behavior of Neem and Banyan Fibers When Reinforced with a Bran Particulate Epoxy Hybrid Composite |
title_full_unstemmed | Thermal and Flame Retardant Behavior of Neem and Banyan Fibers When Reinforced with a Bran Particulate Epoxy Hybrid Composite |
title_short | Thermal and Flame Retardant Behavior of Neem and Banyan Fibers When Reinforced with a Bran Particulate Epoxy Hybrid Composite |
title_sort | thermal and flame retardant behavior of neem and banyan fibers when reinforced with a bran particulate epoxy hybrid composite |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8624988/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34833158 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223859 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT rajathandavamoorthy thermalandflameretardantbehaviorofneemandbanyanfiberswhenreinforcedwithabranparticulateepoxyhybridcomposite AT mohanavelvinayagam thermalandflameretardantbehaviorofneemandbanyanfiberswhenreinforcedwithabranparticulateepoxyhybridcomposite AT sathishthanikodi thermalandflameretardantbehaviorofneemandbanyanfiberswhenreinforcedwithabranparticulateepoxyhybridcomposite AT djearamanesinouvassane thermalandflameretardantbehaviorofneemandbanyanfiberswhenreinforcedwithabranparticulateepoxyhybridcomposite AT velmuruganpalanivel thermalandflameretardantbehaviorofneemandbanyanfiberswhenreinforcedwithabranparticulateepoxyhybridcomposite AT karthickalagar thermalandflameretardantbehaviorofneemandbanyanfiberswhenreinforcedwithabranparticulateepoxyhybridcomposite AT nasifomaima thermalandflameretardantbehaviorofneemandbanyanfiberswhenreinforcedwithabranparticulateepoxyhybridcomposite AT alfarrajsaleh thermalandflameretardantbehaviorofneemandbanyanfiberswhenreinforcedwithabranparticulateepoxyhybridcomposite AT shingwongling thermalandflameretardantbehaviorofneemandbanyanfiberswhenreinforcedwithabranparticulateepoxyhybridcomposite AT sureshkumarshanmugam thermalandflameretardantbehaviorofneemandbanyanfiberswhenreinforcedwithabranparticulateepoxyhybridcomposite AT ravichandranmanikkam thermalandflameretardantbehaviorofneemandbanyanfiberswhenreinforcedwithabranparticulateepoxyhybridcomposite |