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A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls

Despite effective combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), perinatally HIV infected (PHIV) adolescents still experience cognitive complications. We previously reported higher cerebral blood flow (CBF) in basal ganglia and white matter (WM) in PHIV children compared to matched controls. In healthy...

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Autores principales: van Genderen, Jason G., Van den Hof, Malon, ter Haar, Anne Marleen, Blokhuis, Charlotte, Keil, Vera C., Pajkrt, Dasja, Mutsaerts, Henk J. M. M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8625391/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34834985
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112179
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author van Genderen, Jason G.
Van den Hof, Malon
ter Haar, Anne Marleen
Blokhuis, Charlotte
Keil, Vera C.
Pajkrt, Dasja
Mutsaerts, Henk J. M. M.
author_facet van Genderen, Jason G.
Van den Hof, Malon
ter Haar, Anne Marleen
Blokhuis, Charlotte
Keil, Vera C.
Pajkrt, Dasja
Mutsaerts, Henk J. M. M.
author_sort van Genderen, Jason G.
collection PubMed
description Despite effective combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), perinatally HIV infected (PHIV) adolescents still experience cognitive complications. We previously reported higher cerebral blood flow (CBF) in basal ganglia and white matter (WM) in PHIV children compared to matched controls. In healthy children CBF is associated with cognitive domains. To determine longitudinal changes in CBF and its impact on cognitive complications, we measured CBF—using arterial spin labeling—in 21 PHIV adolescents and 23 controls matched for age, sex and socio-economic status twice with a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. We explored associations between CBF changes and WM micro- and macrostructural markers and cognitive domains using linear mixed models. The median age at follow-up was comparable between PHIV adolescents 17.4y (IQR:15.3–20.7) and controls 16.2y (IQR:15.6–19.1). At baseline, PHIV had higher CBF in the caudate nucleus and putamen. CBF development was comparable in gray matter (GM), WM and subcortical regions in both groups. In our cohort, we found that over time an increase of GM CBF was associated with an increase of visual motor function (p = 0.043) and executive function (p = 0.045). Increase of CBF in the caudate nucleus, putamen and thalamus was associated with an increase processing speed (p = 0.033; 0.036; 0.003 respectively) and visual motor function (p = 0.023; 0.045; 0.003 respectively). CBF development is relatively normal in PHIV adolescents on cART. CBF decline is associated with cognitive impairment, irrespective of HIV status.
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spelling pubmed-86253912021-11-27 A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls van Genderen, Jason G. Van den Hof, Malon ter Haar, Anne Marleen Blokhuis, Charlotte Keil, Vera C. Pajkrt, Dasja Mutsaerts, Henk J. M. M. Viruses Article Despite effective combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), perinatally HIV infected (PHIV) adolescents still experience cognitive complications. We previously reported higher cerebral blood flow (CBF) in basal ganglia and white matter (WM) in PHIV children compared to matched controls. In healthy children CBF is associated with cognitive domains. To determine longitudinal changes in CBF and its impact on cognitive complications, we measured CBF—using arterial spin labeling—in 21 PHIV adolescents and 23 controls matched for age, sex and socio-economic status twice with a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. We explored associations between CBF changes and WM micro- and macrostructural markers and cognitive domains using linear mixed models. The median age at follow-up was comparable between PHIV adolescents 17.4y (IQR:15.3–20.7) and controls 16.2y (IQR:15.6–19.1). At baseline, PHIV had higher CBF in the caudate nucleus and putamen. CBF development was comparable in gray matter (GM), WM and subcortical regions in both groups. In our cohort, we found that over time an increase of GM CBF was associated with an increase of visual motor function (p = 0.043) and executive function (p = 0.045). Increase of CBF in the caudate nucleus, putamen and thalamus was associated with an increase processing speed (p = 0.033; 0.036; 0.003 respectively) and visual motor function (p = 0.023; 0.045; 0.003 respectively). CBF development is relatively normal in PHIV adolescents on cART. CBF decline is associated with cognitive impairment, irrespective of HIV status. MDPI 2021-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8625391/ /pubmed/34834985 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112179 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
van Genderen, Jason G.
Van den Hof, Malon
ter Haar, Anne Marleen
Blokhuis, Charlotte
Keil, Vera C.
Pajkrt, Dasja
Mutsaerts, Henk J. M. M.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls
title A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls
title_full A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls
title_fullStr A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls
title_full_unstemmed A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls
title_short A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls
title_sort longitudinal analysis of cerebral blood flow in perinatally hiv infected adolescents as compared to matched healthy controls
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8625391/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34834985
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112179
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