Cargando…

Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Four Species of Red Macroalgae

Marine macroalgae is known to be a good source of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), especially red macroalgae. As a new type of active substance with commercial development prospects, the current progress in the extraction, isolation and characterization of MAAs is far from sufficient in terms of...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sun, Yingying, Han, Xiu, Hu, Zhijuan, Cheng, Tongjie, Tang, Qian, Wang, Hui, Deng, Xiaoqun, Han, Xu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8625514/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34822486
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19110615
_version_ 1784606439955759104
author Sun, Yingying
Han, Xiu
Hu, Zhijuan
Cheng, Tongjie
Tang, Qian
Wang, Hui
Deng, Xiaoqun
Han, Xu
author_facet Sun, Yingying
Han, Xiu
Hu, Zhijuan
Cheng, Tongjie
Tang, Qian
Wang, Hui
Deng, Xiaoqun
Han, Xu
author_sort Sun, Yingying
collection PubMed
description Marine macroalgae is known to be a good source of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), especially red macroalgae. As a new type of active substance with commercial development prospects, the current progress in the extraction, isolation and characterization of MAAs is far from sufficient in terms of effectiveness in application. To determine the extraction processes of MAAs from four species of red macroalgae (Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gelidium amansii, Gracilaria confervoides, and Gracilaria sp.), a series of single-factor and orthogonal experiments were carried out in which the effects of solvents, the solid–liquid ratio, the time of extraction, the extraction degree and the temperature, on the yields of MAA extracts, were analyzed. Further, the isolation and identification of MAAs from Bangia fusco-purpurea and Gracilaria sp. were investigated. The results showed that the solid–liquid ratio, the time of extraction, the extraction degree and the temperature were 1:20 g/mL, 2 h, three times and 40 °C, respectively, when 25% methanol or 25% ethanol were used as the extraction solvent; these values were found to be suitable for the extraction of MAAs from four species of red macroalgae. Silica gel thin-layer chromatography was successfully used, for the first time, for the detection MAAs in this work, and it could be clearly seen that Bangia fusco-purpurea had the highest contents of MAAs among the four species of red macroalgae. MAA extracts from Bangia fusco-purpurea (or Gracilaria sp.) were isolated by silica gel column chromatography to obtain one fraction (or two fractions). The compositions and proportions of the MAAs in these fractions were determined via HPLC-ESI-MS spectra and by comparison with existing studies. Shinorine, palythine and porphyra-334 were found in 95.4% of the T(1) fraction, and palythenic acid was found in 4.6% of this fraction, while shinorine, palythine and porphyra-334 were found in 96.3% of the J(1) fraction, palythenic acid was found in 3.7% of the J(2) fraction, and palythine was found in 100% of the J(2) fraction, taken from the MAA extracts found in Bangia fusco-purpurea and Gracilaria sp., respectively. In addition, the relevant compositions and proportions of the MAA extracts taken from Gelidium amansii and Gracilaria confervoides were identified. This was the first study to report on the extraction process, isolation and identification of MAAs from Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gelidium amansii, Gracilaria confervoides, and Gracilaria sp.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8625514
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-86255142021-11-27 Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Four Species of Red Macroalgae Sun, Yingying Han, Xiu Hu, Zhijuan Cheng, Tongjie Tang, Qian Wang, Hui Deng, Xiaoqun Han, Xu Mar Drugs Article Marine macroalgae is known to be a good source of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), especially red macroalgae. As a new type of active substance with commercial development prospects, the current progress in the extraction, isolation and characterization of MAAs is far from sufficient in terms of effectiveness in application. To determine the extraction processes of MAAs from four species of red macroalgae (Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gelidium amansii, Gracilaria confervoides, and Gracilaria sp.), a series of single-factor and orthogonal experiments were carried out in which the effects of solvents, the solid–liquid ratio, the time of extraction, the extraction degree and the temperature, on the yields of MAA extracts, were analyzed. Further, the isolation and identification of MAAs from Bangia fusco-purpurea and Gracilaria sp. were investigated. The results showed that the solid–liquid ratio, the time of extraction, the extraction degree and the temperature were 1:20 g/mL, 2 h, three times and 40 °C, respectively, when 25% methanol or 25% ethanol were used as the extraction solvent; these values were found to be suitable for the extraction of MAAs from four species of red macroalgae. Silica gel thin-layer chromatography was successfully used, for the first time, for the detection MAAs in this work, and it could be clearly seen that Bangia fusco-purpurea had the highest contents of MAAs among the four species of red macroalgae. MAA extracts from Bangia fusco-purpurea (or Gracilaria sp.) were isolated by silica gel column chromatography to obtain one fraction (or two fractions). The compositions and proportions of the MAAs in these fractions were determined via HPLC-ESI-MS spectra and by comparison with existing studies. Shinorine, palythine and porphyra-334 were found in 95.4% of the T(1) fraction, and palythenic acid was found in 4.6% of this fraction, while shinorine, palythine and porphyra-334 were found in 96.3% of the J(1) fraction, palythenic acid was found in 3.7% of the J(2) fraction, and palythine was found in 100% of the J(2) fraction, taken from the MAA extracts found in Bangia fusco-purpurea and Gracilaria sp., respectively. In addition, the relevant compositions and proportions of the MAA extracts taken from Gelidium amansii and Gracilaria confervoides were identified. This was the first study to report on the extraction process, isolation and identification of MAAs from Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gelidium amansii, Gracilaria confervoides, and Gracilaria sp. MDPI 2021-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8625514/ /pubmed/34822486 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19110615 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sun, Yingying
Han, Xiu
Hu, Zhijuan
Cheng, Tongjie
Tang, Qian
Wang, Hui
Deng, Xiaoqun
Han, Xu
Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Four Species of Red Macroalgae
title Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Four Species of Red Macroalgae
title_full Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Four Species of Red Macroalgae
title_fullStr Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Four Species of Red Macroalgae
title_full_unstemmed Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Four Species of Red Macroalgae
title_short Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Four Species of Red Macroalgae
title_sort extraction, isolation and characterization of mycosporine-like amino acids from four species of red macroalgae
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8625514/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34822486
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19110615
work_keys_str_mv AT sunyingying extractionisolationandcharacterizationofmycosporinelikeaminoacidsfromfourspeciesofredmacroalgae
AT hanxiu extractionisolationandcharacterizationofmycosporinelikeaminoacidsfromfourspeciesofredmacroalgae
AT huzhijuan extractionisolationandcharacterizationofmycosporinelikeaminoacidsfromfourspeciesofredmacroalgae
AT chengtongjie extractionisolationandcharacterizationofmycosporinelikeaminoacidsfromfourspeciesofredmacroalgae
AT tangqian extractionisolationandcharacterizationofmycosporinelikeaminoacidsfromfourspeciesofredmacroalgae
AT wanghui extractionisolationandcharacterizationofmycosporinelikeaminoacidsfromfourspeciesofredmacroalgae
AT dengxiaoqun extractionisolationandcharacterizationofmycosporinelikeaminoacidsfromfourspeciesofredmacroalgae
AT hanxu extractionisolationandcharacterizationofmycosporinelikeaminoacidsfromfourspeciesofredmacroalgae