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Combined treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates
The efficacy of immunotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unsatisfactory, as the majority of patients either do not experience an objective response or acquire secondary resistance. As a result, several methods to enhance the systemic efficacy of immunotherapy have been i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8626591/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34658186 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12226 |
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author | Shang, Shijie Liu, Jie Verma, Vivek Wu, Meng Welsh, James Yu, Jinming Chen, Dawei |
author_facet | Shang, Shijie Liu, Jie Verma, Vivek Wu, Meng Welsh, James Yu, Jinming Chen, Dawei |
author_sort | Shang, Shijie |
collection | PubMed |
description | The efficacy of immunotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unsatisfactory, as the majority of patients either do not experience an objective response or acquire secondary resistance. As a result, several methods to enhance the systemic efficacy of immunotherapy have been investigated, including a large area of active research by combining immunotherapy with radiation therapy (RT). Given the rapidly burgeoning concept of combining immunotherapy and RT for increasing therapeutic benefit, we review the progress in this field thus far and explore further avenues for enhancing this combination. This review commences with a discussion of the only two existing randomized trials (and a pooled analysis) showing that the addition of RT to immunotherapy improves the abscopal response rate, progression‐free survival, and overall survival in metastatic NSCLC patients. We then discussed factors and biomarkers that may be associated with a proportionally greater benefit to additional RT, such as low programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD‐L1) status, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and patient's immune function. Next, the implementation of RT to overcome immunotherapy resistance is discussed, including a mechanistic discussion and methods with which these mechanisms could be exploited. Lastly, the emerging role of low‐dose RT is discussed, which may help to overcome inhibitory signals in the tumor stroma that limit T‐cell infiltration. Taken together, given the current state of this rapidly expanding realm, these futuristic strategies may be reflected upon to further enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for a wider group of patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8626591 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86265912021-12-03 Combined treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates Shang, Shijie Liu, Jie Verma, Vivek Wu, Meng Welsh, James Yu, Jinming Chen, Dawei Cancer Commun (Lond) Reviews The efficacy of immunotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unsatisfactory, as the majority of patients either do not experience an objective response or acquire secondary resistance. As a result, several methods to enhance the systemic efficacy of immunotherapy have been investigated, including a large area of active research by combining immunotherapy with radiation therapy (RT). Given the rapidly burgeoning concept of combining immunotherapy and RT for increasing therapeutic benefit, we review the progress in this field thus far and explore further avenues for enhancing this combination. This review commences with a discussion of the only two existing randomized trials (and a pooled analysis) showing that the addition of RT to immunotherapy improves the abscopal response rate, progression‐free survival, and overall survival in metastatic NSCLC patients. We then discussed factors and biomarkers that may be associated with a proportionally greater benefit to additional RT, such as low programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD‐L1) status, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and patient's immune function. Next, the implementation of RT to overcome immunotherapy resistance is discussed, including a mechanistic discussion and methods with which these mechanisms could be exploited. Lastly, the emerging role of low‐dose RT is discussed, which may help to overcome inhibitory signals in the tumor stroma that limit T‐cell infiltration. Taken together, given the current state of this rapidly expanding realm, these futuristic strategies may be reflected upon to further enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for a wider group of patients. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-10-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8626591/ /pubmed/34658186 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12226 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Cancer Communications published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. on behalf of Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Reviews Shang, Shijie Liu, Jie Verma, Vivek Wu, Meng Welsh, James Yu, Jinming Chen, Dawei Combined treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates |
title | Combined treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates |
title_full | Combined treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates |
title_fullStr | Combined treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates |
title_full_unstemmed | Combined treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates |
title_short | Combined treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates |
title_sort | combined treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates |
topic | Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8626591/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34658186 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12226 |
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