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Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet
BACKGROUND: Running on sand could be a promising exercise intervention for the treatment of over-pronated feet. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effects of running on sand on muscle activities. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of running on sand on the acti...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8627070/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34838002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12938-021-00955-8 |
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author | Jafarnezhadgero, AmirAli Fatollahi, Amir Sheykholeslami, Ali Dionisio, Valdeci Carlos Akrami, Mohammad |
author_facet | Jafarnezhadgero, AmirAli Fatollahi, Amir Sheykholeslami, Ali Dionisio, Valdeci Carlos Akrami, Mohammad |
author_sort | Jafarnezhadgero, AmirAli |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Running on sand could be a promising exercise intervention for the treatment of over-pronated feet. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effects of running on sand on muscle activities. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of running on sand on the activities of selected lower limb muscles in individuals with OPF compared with healthy controls. METHODS: Sixty recreational adult male runners with over-pronated feet (foot posture index > 10) were divided into two equal groups (intervention and control). Participants ran barefoot at a pre-defined speed (⁓3.3 m/s) over level stable ground both before and after long-term training on the sand. Muscle activities were recorded using a surface bipolar electromyography system. RESULTS: For the intervention group, we found a reduced foot posture index (p < 0.001; d = 2.00) and significant group-by-time interactions for gluteus medius activity during the mid-stance phase (p < 0.028; d = 0.59). Significantly higher gluteus medius activity (p = 0.028, d = 0.569) was found during the post-test. We also observed significant group-by-time interactions for medial gastrocnemius activity during the push-off phase (p < 0.041; d = 0.54). Significantly larger medial gastrocnemius activity (p = 0.041; d = 0.636) was found during the post-test compared to the pre-test. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term running on sand resulted in reduced pronation, increased medial gastrocnemius activity, and improved frontal plane pelvic stability due to higher gluteus medius activity. Trial registration: IRCT20191211045704N1. Registered 25 February 2020. Retrospectively registered. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8627070 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86270702021-11-30 Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet Jafarnezhadgero, AmirAli Fatollahi, Amir Sheykholeslami, Ali Dionisio, Valdeci Carlos Akrami, Mohammad Biomed Eng Online Research BACKGROUND: Running on sand could be a promising exercise intervention for the treatment of over-pronated feet. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effects of running on sand on muscle activities. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of running on sand on the activities of selected lower limb muscles in individuals with OPF compared with healthy controls. METHODS: Sixty recreational adult male runners with over-pronated feet (foot posture index > 10) were divided into two equal groups (intervention and control). Participants ran barefoot at a pre-defined speed (⁓3.3 m/s) over level stable ground both before and after long-term training on the sand. Muscle activities were recorded using a surface bipolar electromyography system. RESULTS: For the intervention group, we found a reduced foot posture index (p < 0.001; d = 2.00) and significant group-by-time interactions for gluteus medius activity during the mid-stance phase (p < 0.028; d = 0.59). Significantly higher gluteus medius activity (p = 0.028, d = 0.569) was found during the post-test. We also observed significant group-by-time interactions for medial gastrocnemius activity during the push-off phase (p < 0.041; d = 0.54). Significantly larger medial gastrocnemius activity (p = 0.041; d = 0.636) was found during the post-test compared to the pre-test. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term running on sand resulted in reduced pronation, increased medial gastrocnemius activity, and improved frontal plane pelvic stability due to higher gluteus medius activity. Trial registration: IRCT20191211045704N1. Registered 25 February 2020. Retrospectively registered. BioMed Central 2021-11-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8627070/ /pubmed/34838002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12938-021-00955-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Jafarnezhadgero, AmirAli Fatollahi, Amir Sheykholeslami, Ali Dionisio, Valdeci Carlos Akrami, Mohammad Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet |
title | Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet |
title_full | Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet |
title_fullStr | Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet |
title_full_unstemmed | Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet |
title_short | Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet |
title_sort | long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8627070/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34838002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12938-021-00955-8 |
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