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Assessment of the Relationship of Depression With Tobacco and Caffeine Use Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background University students are at a higher risk of using cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances. Depression is associated with a noticeable decline in academic performance and can increase the risk of substance use. Due to sociopolitical issues, the use of cognitive enhancers and psycho...

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Autores principales: Safarini, Omar A, Taya, Hamdallah, Abu Elhija, Yara, Qadous, Marah, Farhoud, Ahmad, Thabaleh, Ammar, Khayyat, Abdulsalam, Nazzal, Zaher, Abuhassan, Ahmad M, Ghanim, Nesma, Mahamid, Fayez, Al Ali, Rayyan, Damiri, Basma
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8627153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34868751
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.19098
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author Safarini, Omar A
Taya, Hamdallah
Abu Elhija, Yara
Qadous, Marah
Farhoud, Ahmad
Thabaleh, Ammar
Khayyat, Abdulsalam
Nazzal, Zaher
Abuhassan, Ahmad M
Ghanim, Nesma
Mahamid, Fayez
Al Ali, Rayyan
Damiri, Basma
author_facet Safarini, Omar A
Taya, Hamdallah
Abu Elhija, Yara
Qadous, Marah
Farhoud, Ahmad
Thabaleh, Ammar
Khayyat, Abdulsalam
Nazzal, Zaher
Abuhassan, Ahmad M
Ghanim, Nesma
Mahamid, Fayez
Al Ali, Rayyan
Damiri, Basma
author_sort Safarini, Omar A
collection PubMed
description Background University students are at a higher risk of using cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances. Depression is associated with a noticeable decline in academic performance and can increase the risk of substance use. Due to sociopolitical issues, the use of cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances among Palestinians has spread in the last decade. However, depression among tobacco and caffeine users remains underrecognized and neglected. Methodology A self-administrated questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to assess the association of depression and the use of cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances among university students at An-Najah National University in 2020. Results The response rate to the questionnaires was 78.8% (n = 1,051; 38.8% males, 61.2% females). The overall prevalence of depression was high (30.6% males, 34.7% females). The prevalence of cigarette smoking (39.2% males, 3.9% females), waterpipe smoking (43.1% males, 21.6% females), energy drink consumption (59.6% males, 29.7% females), coffee consumption (85.5% for each gender), tea consumption, and chocolate consumption was high, with significant differences in accordance to gender and academic fields. The multinomial logistic regression results revealed that cigarette smokers were more likely to have a higher risk of severe (odds ratio [OR] = 4.5, p = 0.001), moderate (OR = 3.27, p < 0.001), and mild depression (OR = 2.24, p = 0.002) than non-smokers. Severe depression was less prevalent among medical students than health sciences and non-medical students (OR = 0.215, p = 0.015). Moreover, males were less likely to have moderate (OR = 0.5, p = 0.012) and mild (OR = 0.48, p = 0.001) depression than females. Conclusions Overall, the results of this study revealed the high prevalence of depression and the detrimental effects of smoking on students. Moreover, the findings suggest the urgent need to address depression and risk factors among Palestinian university students by educating them about mental health, identifying high-risk students, and offering easily accessible psychological help. Further, it is crucial to broaden the focus of studies to include students from various academic fields instead of focusing on medical students.
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spelling pubmed-86271532021-12-03 Assessment of the Relationship of Depression With Tobacco and Caffeine Use Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study Safarini, Omar A Taya, Hamdallah Abu Elhija, Yara Qadous, Marah Farhoud, Ahmad Thabaleh, Ammar Khayyat, Abdulsalam Nazzal, Zaher Abuhassan, Ahmad M Ghanim, Nesma Mahamid, Fayez Al Ali, Rayyan Damiri, Basma Cureus Psychiatry Background University students are at a higher risk of using cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances. Depression is associated with a noticeable decline in academic performance and can increase the risk of substance use. Due to sociopolitical issues, the use of cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances among Palestinians has spread in the last decade. However, depression among tobacco and caffeine users remains underrecognized and neglected. Methodology A self-administrated questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to assess the association of depression and the use of cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances among university students at An-Najah National University in 2020. Results The response rate to the questionnaires was 78.8% (n = 1,051; 38.8% males, 61.2% females). The overall prevalence of depression was high (30.6% males, 34.7% females). The prevalence of cigarette smoking (39.2% males, 3.9% females), waterpipe smoking (43.1% males, 21.6% females), energy drink consumption (59.6% males, 29.7% females), coffee consumption (85.5% for each gender), tea consumption, and chocolate consumption was high, with significant differences in accordance to gender and academic fields. The multinomial logistic regression results revealed that cigarette smokers were more likely to have a higher risk of severe (odds ratio [OR] = 4.5, p = 0.001), moderate (OR = 3.27, p < 0.001), and mild depression (OR = 2.24, p = 0.002) than non-smokers. Severe depression was less prevalent among medical students than health sciences and non-medical students (OR = 0.215, p = 0.015). Moreover, males were less likely to have moderate (OR = 0.5, p = 0.012) and mild (OR = 0.48, p = 0.001) depression than females. Conclusions Overall, the results of this study revealed the high prevalence of depression and the detrimental effects of smoking on students. Moreover, the findings suggest the urgent need to address depression and risk factors among Palestinian university students by educating them about mental health, identifying high-risk students, and offering easily accessible psychological help. Further, it is crucial to broaden the focus of studies to include students from various academic fields instead of focusing on medical students. Cureus 2021-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8627153/ /pubmed/34868751 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.19098 Text en Copyright © 2021, Safarini et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Psychiatry
Safarini, Omar A
Taya, Hamdallah
Abu Elhija, Yara
Qadous, Marah
Farhoud, Ahmad
Thabaleh, Ammar
Khayyat, Abdulsalam
Nazzal, Zaher
Abuhassan, Ahmad M
Ghanim, Nesma
Mahamid, Fayez
Al Ali, Rayyan
Damiri, Basma
Assessment of the Relationship of Depression With Tobacco and Caffeine Use Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
title Assessment of the Relationship of Depression With Tobacco and Caffeine Use Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full Assessment of the Relationship of Depression With Tobacco and Caffeine Use Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr Assessment of the Relationship of Depression With Tobacco and Caffeine Use Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of the Relationship of Depression With Tobacco and Caffeine Use Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_short Assessment of the Relationship of Depression With Tobacco and Caffeine Use Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort assessment of the relationship of depression with tobacco and caffeine use among university students: a cross-sectional study
topic Psychiatry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8627153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34868751
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.19098
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