Prevalence and Structure of Periodontal Disease and Oral Cavity Condition in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease (Prospective Cohort Study)

PURPOSE: To study the incidence and structure of periodontal disease in elderly Moscow residents suffering from permanent coronary heart disease, as well as examine the oral cavity and tooth structure in patients with generalized periodontitis and coronary heart disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Stage 1 (studying the incidence and structure of periodontal diseases) enrolled 330 patients over 50 years old: Group 1 consisted of 180 patients (102 males and 78 females) with stable coronary heart disease; Group 2 consisted of 150 dental patients (90 males and 60 females) with periodontal pathology without associated coronary heart disease. Stage 2 enrolled 216 patients with generalized periodontitis (studying features of the generalized periodontitis course depending on the coronary heart disease presence): Group 1 consisted of 145 patients with coronary heart disease and generalized periodontitis (79 males and 66 females), Group 2 consisted of 71 patients with generalized periodontitis but without coronary heart disease (40 males and 31 females). RESULTS: It has been established that 172 (95.6%) patients with coronary heart disease had periodontal disease with a predominance of generalized periodontitis in its structure, present in 145 (84.3%) people with coronary heart disease. A more severe clinical course distinguishes generalized periodontitis in patients with coronary heart disease than those without comorbid coronary heart disease. Moreover, it is characterized by a higher mean number of tooth loss (6.21±0.16 vs 4.83±0.12 teeth, p <0.05), more teeth defects (54.69±2.25% vs 21.15±1.27%, p <0.05), higher caries intensity level (11.07±0.32 vs 8.55±0.41, p < 0,05), clinical attachment loss (5.76±0.09 mm vs 4.85±0.10 mm, p < 0.05), and greater depth of periodontal pockets (4.80±0.17 mm vs 3.64±0.21 mm, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Coronary heart disease is a favorable prerequisite for the development and progression of periodontal pathology.