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Incidence of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema: A Cohort Study Based on 47,600 Open-Water Swimming Distances

BACKGROUND: Despite increasing awareness of swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), large population-based studies are lacking and the incidence is unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the incidence of SIPE in a mixed group of competitive and recreational swimmers during a large open-water swimming...

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Autores principales: Hårdstedt, Maria, Kristiansson, Linda, Seiler, Claudia, Braman Eriksson, Annika, Sundh, Josefin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American College of Chest Physicians 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8628172/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34186036
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.034
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author Hårdstedt, Maria
Kristiansson, Linda
Seiler, Claudia
Braman Eriksson, Annika
Sundh, Josefin
author_facet Hårdstedt, Maria
Kristiansson, Linda
Seiler, Claudia
Braman Eriksson, Annika
Sundh, Josefin
author_sort Hårdstedt, Maria
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Despite increasing awareness of swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), large population-based studies are lacking and the incidence is unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the incidence of SIPE in a mixed group of competitive and recreational swimmers during a large open-water swimming event? METHODS: In four consecutive years (2016-2019), a prospective cohort study was conducted during Sweden’s largest open-water swimming event, Vansbrosimningen. All swimmers seeking medical care with acute respiratory symptoms were eligible for the study. SIPE diagnosis was based on clinical findings in 2016 and 2017 and pulmonary edema assessed by lung ultrasound in 2018 and 2019. Data on patient characteristics, clinical findings, and information about the race were collected. RESULTS: Based on 47,573 consecutive swimming distances, 322 patients with acute respiratory symptoms (0.68%; CI, 0.61%-0.75%) were treated at the mobile medical unit. Of these, 211 patients (0.44%; CI, 0.39%-0.51%) received a diagnosis of SIPE. The annual incidence of SIPE was 0.34%, 0.47%, 0.41%, and 0.57%, respectively, from 2016 through 2019. Most patients diagnosed with SIPE were women (90%), despite about equal percentages of men and women participating (47% men and 53% women). The incidence of SIPE overall was 0.75% in women and 0.09% in men. The incidence increased with age, from 0.08% in the youngest age group (18-30 years) to 1.1% in the oldest age group (≥ 61 years). Based on multiple logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds for SIPE occurring was 8.59 times higher for women compared with men and 12.74 times higher for the oldest age group compared with the youngest age group. INTERPRETATION: The incidence of SIPE over 4 years during a large open-water swimming event in Sweden was 0.44%. The incidence was higher in women than in men and increased with age.
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spelling pubmed-86281722021-12-16 Incidence of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema: A Cohort Study Based on 47,600 Open-Water Swimming Distances Hårdstedt, Maria Kristiansson, Linda Seiler, Claudia Braman Eriksson, Annika Sundh, Josefin Chest Education and Clinical Practice: Original Research BACKGROUND: Despite increasing awareness of swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), large population-based studies are lacking and the incidence is unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the incidence of SIPE in a mixed group of competitive and recreational swimmers during a large open-water swimming event? METHODS: In four consecutive years (2016-2019), a prospective cohort study was conducted during Sweden’s largest open-water swimming event, Vansbrosimningen. All swimmers seeking medical care with acute respiratory symptoms were eligible for the study. SIPE diagnosis was based on clinical findings in 2016 and 2017 and pulmonary edema assessed by lung ultrasound in 2018 and 2019. Data on patient characteristics, clinical findings, and information about the race were collected. RESULTS: Based on 47,573 consecutive swimming distances, 322 patients with acute respiratory symptoms (0.68%; CI, 0.61%-0.75%) were treated at the mobile medical unit. Of these, 211 patients (0.44%; CI, 0.39%-0.51%) received a diagnosis of SIPE. The annual incidence of SIPE was 0.34%, 0.47%, 0.41%, and 0.57%, respectively, from 2016 through 2019. Most patients diagnosed with SIPE were women (90%), despite about equal percentages of men and women participating (47% men and 53% women). The incidence of SIPE overall was 0.75% in women and 0.09% in men. The incidence increased with age, from 0.08% in the youngest age group (18-30 years) to 1.1% in the oldest age group (≥ 61 years). Based on multiple logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds for SIPE occurring was 8.59 times higher for women compared with men and 12.74 times higher for the oldest age group compared with the youngest age group. INTERPRETATION: The incidence of SIPE over 4 years during a large open-water swimming event in Sweden was 0.44%. The incidence was higher in women than in men and increased with age. American College of Chest Physicians 2021-11 2021-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8628172/ /pubmed/34186036 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.034 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Education and Clinical Practice: Original Research
Hårdstedt, Maria
Kristiansson, Linda
Seiler, Claudia
Braman Eriksson, Annika
Sundh, Josefin
Incidence of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema: A Cohort Study Based on 47,600 Open-Water Swimming Distances
title Incidence of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema: A Cohort Study Based on 47,600 Open-Water Swimming Distances
title_full Incidence of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema: A Cohort Study Based on 47,600 Open-Water Swimming Distances
title_fullStr Incidence of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema: A Cohort Study Based on 47,600 Open-Water Swimming Distances
title_full_unstemmed Incidence of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema: A Cohort Study Based on 47,600 Open-Water Swimming Distances
title_short Incidence of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema: A Cohort Study Based on 47,600 Open-Water Swimming Distances
title_sort incidence of swimming-induced pulmonary edema: a cohort study based on 47,600 open-water swimming distances
topic Education and Clinical Practice: Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8628172/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34186036
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.034
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